Rethinking ranging of unmodified BLE peripherals in smart city infrastructure
Rethinking ranging of unmodified BLE peripherals in smart city infrastructure
复制标题
重新思考智慧城市基础设施中未修改的 BLE 外设的范围
DOI：
10.1145/3204949.3204950
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nirjon, Shahriar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Islam, Bashima;Uddin, Mostafa;Mukherjee, Sarit;Nirjon, Shahriar
在智能建筑、医院、购物中心、仓库、智能街道和户外空间等智能城市基础设施中，物联网设备的移动性跟踪具有许多应用。由于目前市场上几乎所有物联网设备都提供低功耗蓝牙（BLE），因此定位和跟踪物联网设备的关键是为支持BLE的物联网设备开发准确的测距技术。然而，这是一个具有挑战性的壮举，因为数十亿这些设备已经在使用中，并且出于实用的原因，我们不能建议修改物联网设备（BLE外设）本身。此外，与WiFi测距不同-其中信道状态信息（CSI）容易获得，并且可以通过将2.4GHz和5GHz频段拼接在一起来增加带宽以实现高精度测距，未经修改的BLE外设仅在非常有限的带宽上为我们提供RSSI信息。因此，准确地对BLE设备进行测距比其他无线标准更具挑战性。在本文中，我们利用BLE协议的特性（例如，跳频和空控制数据包传输），并提出了一种技术，直接估计从一个BLE接入点的BLE外设的范围，通过多路径分析。我们讨论了理论基础，并进行了实验，表明该技术实现了2.44米的绝对距离估计误差平均。
Mobility tracking of IoT devices in smart city infrastructures such as smart buildings, hospitals, shopping centers, warehouses, smart streets, and outdoor spaces has many applications. Since Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is available in almost every IoT device in the market nowadays, a key to localizing and tracking IoT devices is to develop an accurate ranging technique for BLE-enabled IoT devices. This is, however, a challenging feat as billions of these devices are already in use, and for pragmatic reasons, we cannot propose to modify the IoT device (a BLE peripheral) itself. Furthermore, unlike WiFi ranging - where the channel state information (CSI) is readily available and the bandwidth can be increased by stitching 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands together to achieve a high-precision ranging, an unmodified BLE peripheral provides us with only the RSSI information over a very limited bandwidth. Accurately ranging a BLE device is therefore far more challenging than other wireless standards. In this paper, we exploit characteristics of BLE protocol (e.g. frequency hopping and empty control packet transmissions) and propose a technique to directly estimate the range of a BLE peripheral from a BLE access point by multipath profiling. We discuss the theoretical foundation and conduct experiments to show that the technique achieves a 2.44m absolute range estimation error on average.
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