Quantifying and exploring camouflaging in men and women with autism.
Quantifying and exploring camouflaging in men and women with autism.
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量化和探索自闭症男性和女人的伪装。
DOI：
10.1177/1362361316671012
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发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
MRC AIMS Consortium
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lai MC;Lombardo MV;Ruigrok AN;Chakrabarti B;Auyeung B;Szatmari P;Happé F;Baron-Cohen S;MRC AIMS Consortium
自传描述和临床医生观察表明，一些自闭症患者，尤其是女性，会“伪装”他们的社交沟通困难，这可能需要大量的认知努力，并导致压力、焦虑和抑郁增加。使用来自 60 名年龄和智商匹配的自闭症男性和女性（无智力障碍）的数据，我们首次将成人自闭症患者的伪装操作化为人在社会人际环境中的“外部”行为表现（通过自闭症诊断观察表测量）与人的“内部”状态（通过自闭症谱商和社会认知测量的性格特征）之间的定量差异 通过“从眼中读懂内心”测试来衡量的能力）。我们发现，可操作的伪装措施与年龄或智商没有显着相关。平均而言，女性自闭症患者的伪装得分高于男性自闭症患者（Cohen’s d = 0.98），两组之间存在很大差异。更强的伪装能力与男性更多的抑郁症状以及女性自闭症患者更好的信号检测敏感性有关。神经解剖学与伪装得分的关联很大程度上取决于性别，并且仅在女性中显着：从反向推理来看，最相关的认知术语是关于情绪和记忆的。自闭症伪装的基本结构、测量、机制、后果和异质性值得进一步研究。
Autobiographical descriptions and clinician observations suggest that some individuals with autism, particularly females, ‘camouflage’ their social communication difficulties, which may require considerable cognitive effort and lead to increased stress, anxiety and depression. Using data from 60 age- and IQ-matched men and women with autism (without intellectual disability), we operationalized camouflaging in adults with autism for the first time as the quantitative discrepancy between the person’s ‘external’ behavioural presentation in social–interpersonal contexts (measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) and the person’s ‘internal’ status (dispositional traits measured by the Autism Spectrum Quotient and social cognitive capability measured by the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ Test). We found that the operationalized camouflaging measure was not significantly correlated with age or IQ. On average, women with autism had higher camouflaging scores than men with autism (Cohen’s d = 0.98), with substantial variability in both groups. Greater camouflaging was associated with more depressive symptoms in men and better signal-detection sensitivity in women with autism. The neuroanatomical association with camouflaging score was largely sex/gender-dependent and significant only in women: from reverse inference, the most correlated cognitive terms were about emotion and memory. The underlying constructs, measurement, mechanisms, consequences and heterogeneity of camouflaging in autism warrant further investigation.
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