Discovering affordances that determine the spatial structure of reach-to-grasp movements
Discovering affordances that determine the spatial structure of reach-to-grasp movements
复制标题
发现决定抓取动作空间结构的可供性
作者：
M. Mon;G. Bingham
广泛的研究已经确定了用于指导行动的启示，正如最初由吉布森设想的那样（感知，行动和知道：走向生态心理学。Erlbaum，希尔斯代尔，1977;视觉感知的生态学方法。Erlbaum，希尔斯代尔，1979/1986）。我们试图发现对象的启示属性，确定的空间结构达到把握运动，需要避免碰撞和瞄准的运动。首先，我们构建的对象，提出了一个显着的碰撞危险和不同的属性相关的目标，即，对象的宽度和大小的接触面。参与者以三种速度（慢，正常和快）到达并抓住物体。在实验1中，我们探索了一个“停止”的任务，参与者抓住物体，而不移动它们。在实验2中，我们研究了“飞越”运动的对象被解除。我们发现了物体的启示属性，产生协方差的空间结构达到把握。最大抓取孔径（MGA）反映了由碰撞避免确定的启示。终端抓握孔径（TGA）-当手停止移动但在手指接触之前-反映与目标准确性相关的启示。一个模型与一个单一的自由参数预测的可扩展的空间结构，并提供了一个功能的启示为基础的帐户，该结构。在实验3中，我们研究了一个“砰”的任务，参与者达到抓住平面矩形物体在桌面上。该任务的启示结构被发现可以消除碰撞风险，从而将MGA和TGA中的安全裕度降低到零。结果强调的作用，启示在确定的结构和规模达到掌握行动。最后，我们报告的证据支持的反对向量作为一个适当的分析单位，在研究掌握和行动的单位，直接映射到启示属性。
Extensive research has identified the affordances used to guide actions, as originally conceived by Gibson (Perceiving, acting, and knowing: towards an ecological psychology. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, 1977; The ecological approach to visual perception. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, 1979/1986). We sought to discover the object affordance properties that determine the spatial structure of reach-to-grasp movements—movements that entail both collision avoidance and targeting. First, we constructed objects that presented a significant collision hazard and varied properties relevant to targeting, namely, object width and size of contact surface. Participants reached-to-grasp objects at three speeds (slow, normal, and fast). In Experiment 1, we explored a “stop” task where participants grasped the objects without moving them. In Experiment 2, we studied “fly-through” movements where the objects were lifted. We discovered the object affordance properties that produced covariance in the spatial structure of reaches-to-grasp. Maximum grasp aperture (MGA) reflected affordances determined by collision avoidance. Terminal grasp aperture (TGA)—when the hand stops moving but prior to finger contact—reflected affordances relevant to targeting accuracy. A model with a single free parameter predicted the prehensile spatial structure and provided a functional affordance-based account of that structure. In Experiment 3, we investigated a “slam” task where participants reached-to-grasp flat rectangular objects on a tabletop. The affordance structure of this task was found to eliminate the collision risk and thus reduced safety margins in MGA and TGA to zero for larger objects. The results emphasize the role of affordances in determining the structure and scaling of reach-to-grasp actions. Finally, we report evidence supporting the opposition vector as an appropriate unit of analysis in the study of grasping and a unit of action that maps directly to affordance properties.
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DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.10.6.812
发表时间：
1984-12
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Kelso;B. Tuller;Eric Vatikiotis-Bateson;Carol A. Fowler
通讯作者：
J. Kelso;B. Tuller;Eric Vatikiotis-Bateson;Carol A. Fowler
基于姿势的运动规划：在抓取中的应用。
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Rosenbaum,DA;Meulenbroek,RJ;Vaughan,J;Jansen,C
通讯作者：
Jansen,C
通过控制手指跨度和手形来匹配物体大小。
DOI：
10.1080/08990229771060
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
Somatosensory & motor research.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Santello,M;Soechting,JF
通讯作者：
Soechting,JF
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.13.3.371
发表时间：
1987-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
WARREN, WH;WHANG, S
通讯作者：
WHANG, S
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Baud-Bovy, G;Soechting, JF
通讯作者：
Soechting, JF