Nasopharyngeal morphology contributes to understanding the “muddle in the middle” of the Pleistocene hominin fossil record

Nasopharyngeal morphology contributes to understanding the “muddle in the middle” of the Pleistocene hominin fossil record
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鼻咽形态有助于理解更新世人类化石记录的“中间混乱”

DOI:
10.1002/ar.24913
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
The Anatomical Record
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Laitman, Jeffrey T.
Laitman, Jeffrey T.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pagano, Anthony S.;Smith, Christopher M.;Balzeau, Antoine;Márquez, Samuel;Laitman, Jeffrey T.

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已故考古学家格林·艾萨克首次将“中间的糊涂”一词应用于中更新世人类化石记录中一个鲜为人知的时期。这项研究使用鼻咽边界作为特征的来源,这些特征可能会告诉我们人类进化的这个不清楚的时期。鼻咽位于几个重要生理系统的连接处,但人们对它在人类进化中的重要性知之甚少。我们分析了地理上不同的当代智人生长系列(n= 180名成人,237名非成人),尼安德特人(La Chapelle aux Saints 1,La Ferrassie 1,Forbes Quarry 1,Monte Circeo 1和Saccopastore 1),中更新世Homo(Acapuerca 5,Kabwe 1,Petralona 1和Steinheim 1),以及2个直立人(KNM-ER3733和Sangiran 17)。方法包括传统的(分析1)和三维几何形态分析(分析2)。直肠直立人表现出鼻咽高而窄的形状,健壮的祖先形态。Kabwe 1和Petralona 1画了一个月。Sapiensin分析2,显示相对较短和垂直的咽鼓管软骨管和垂直的翼内板。阿塔普鲁卡5号和施泰因海姆1号的水平方向与Th相似。Neanderthalsis,显示相对较大的软腭长度和前后鼻咽扩张。它们可能表现出与h的同形现象。尼安德特人,支持吸积假说。物种水平上的差异被发现。智者和H。尼安德特人,包括相对较长的扩张管肌肉和尼安德特人中极端的面部空气卫生。此外,尼安德特人的翼板水平方向与人类婴儿相似,是自形的,这表明他们在生活中可能有较低的管环和咽鼓管开口位于鼻咽侧壁上。这项研究支持使用骨性鼻咽边界来了解活体人类中耳炎易感性的形态特征和演变。
The late archeologist Glynn Isaac first applied the term “muddle in the middle” to a poorly understood period in the Middle Pleistocene human fossil record. This study uses the nasopharyngeal boundaries as a source of traits that may inform this unclear period of human evolution. The nasopharynx lies at the nexus of several vital physiological systems, yet relatively little is known about its importance in human evolution. We analyzed a geographically diverse contemporaryHomo sapiensgrowth series (n= 180 adults, 237 nonadults),Homo neanderthalensis(La Chapelle aux Saints 1, La Ferrassie 1, Forbes Quarry 1, Monte Circeo 1, and Saccopastore 1), mid‐PleistoceneHomo(Atapuerca 5, Kabwe 1, Petralona 1, and Steinheim 1), and twoHomo erectussensulato(KNM‐ER 3733 and Sangiran 17). Methods include traditional (Analysis 1) and 3D geometric morphometric analysis (Analysis 2).H.erectusexhibited tall, narrow nasopharyngeal shape, a robust, ancestral morphology. Kabwe 1 and Petralona 1 plotted amongH. sapiensin Analysis 2, exhibiting relatively shorter and vertical cartilaginous Eustachian tubes and vertical medial pterygoid plates. Atapuerca 5 and Steinheim 1 exhibited horizontal vomeral orientation similar toH. neanderthalensis, indicating greater relative soft palate length and anteroposterior nasopharynx expansion. They may exhibit synapomorphies withH. neanderthalensis, supporting the accretionary hypothesis. Species‐level differences were found amongH. sapiensandH. neanderthalensis, including relatively longer dilator tubae muscles and extreme facial airorhynchy among Neanderthals. Furthermore,H. neanderthalensiswere autapomorphic in exhibiting horizontal pterygoid plate orientation similar to human infants, suggesting that they may have had inferiorly low placement of the torus tubarius and Eustachian tube orifice on the lateral nasopharyngeal wall in life. This study supports use of osseous nasopharyngeal boundaries both for morphological characters and understanding evolution of otitis media susceptibility in living humans.
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DOI: 10.3166/bmsap-2019-0055
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影响因子: --
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