Evidence for archaic adaptive introgression in humans.

Evidence for archaic adaptive introgression in humans.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrg3936
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发表时间:
2015-06
期刊:
Nature reviews. Genetics
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随着来自不同人群的现代和古代DNA序列数据的积累,越来越多的证据支持存在从古代人类获得的有益变体,这些变体可能加速了适应并改善了在新环境中的生存-这一过程被称为适应性基因渗入(AI)。在过去的几年里,一系列的研究已经确定了基因组区域,这些区域显示了古老的适应性渐渗的有力证据。在这篇综述中,我们提供了一个概述的统计方法,以确定古代基因组序列中的现代人类的基因组渗入片段,并确定是否积极选择这些片段。我们讨论了最近报道的适应性基因渗入的例子,并考虑每个支持证据的水平,选择压力分组。我们讨论的挑战和建议,推断选择基因渗入的地区。
As modern and ancient DNA sequence data from diverse human populations accumulate, evidence is increasing in support of the existence of beneficial variants acquired from archaic humans that may have accelerated adaptation and improved survival in new environments — a process, known as adaptive introgression (AI). Within the past couple of years, a series of studies have identified genomic regions showing strong evidence for archaic adaptive introgression. In this Review, we provide an overview of the statistical methods developed to identify archaic introgressed fragments in the genome sequences of modern humans, and to determine whether positive selection has acted on these fragments. We discuss recently reported examples of adaptive introgression and consider the level of supporting evidence for each, grouped by selection pressure. We discuss challenges and recommendations for inferring selection on introgressed regions.
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