Social Complexity Predicts Transitive Reasoning in Prosimian Primates.
Social Complexity Predicts Transitive Reasoning in Prosimian Primates.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.01.025
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发表时间：
2008-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Brannon, Elizabeth M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maclean, Evan L.;Merritt, Dustin J.;Brannon, Elizabeth M.
关键词：
传递推理是演绎推理的一种形式，被认为是一种认知机制，动物可以通过这种机制学习其群体统治等级中的许多关系。因此，这一过程与社会智力假说有关，该假说假定各种形式的社会认知和非社会认知之间存在进化联系。最近的证据证实了社会复杂性和传递推理之间的联系，并表明高度社会化的动物即使在非社会环境中也可能表现出优越的传递推理。我们研究了两种原猿的社会复杂性和传递推理之间的关系。原猿是一种灵长类动物，在5000万年前从猴子、猿和人类的共同祖先中分离出来。在实验1中，高度社会化的环尾狐猴（Lemur catta）在传递推理测试中表现优于社会性较弱的蒙古狐猴（Eulemur mongoz），并且对刺激之间潜在的顺序关系表现出更强的表征。在实验2中，经过强调序列潜在线性维度的校正程序训练后，两个物种表现出相似的传递推理。这一发现表明，这两种狐猴的区别不在于它们进行传递推理的基本能力，而在于它们倾向于沿着一个共同的潜在维度在心理上组织信息。总之，这些结果支持了社会复杂性是与传递推理相关的认知能力进化的重要选择压力的假设。
Transitive Inference is a form of deductive reasoning that has been suggested as one cognitive mechanism by which animals could learn the many relationships within their group’s dominance hierarchy. This process thus bears relevance to the social intelligence hypothesis which posits evolutionary links between various forms of social and nonsocial cognition. Recent evidence corroborates the link between social complexity and transitive inference and indicates that highly social animals may show superior transitive reasoning even in nonsocial contexts. We examined the relationship between social complexity and transitive inference in two species of prosimians, a group of primates that diverged from the common ancestor of monkeys, apes, and humans over 50 million years ago. In Experiment 1, highly social ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta, outperformed the less social mongoose lemurs, Eulemur mongoz, in tests of transitive inference and showed more robust representations of the underlying ordinal relationships between the stimuli. In Experiment 2, after training under a correction procedure that emphasized the underlying linear dimension of the series, both species showed similar transitive inference. This finding suggests that the two lemur species differ not in their fundamental ability to make transitive inferences, but rather in their predisposition to mentally organize information along a common underlying dimension. Together, these results support the hypothesis that social complexity is an important selective pressure for the evolution of cognitive abilities relevant to transitive reasoning.
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