Coordinated patterning of zebrafish caudal fin symmetry by a central and two peripheral organizers.

Coordinated patterning of zebrafish caudal fin symmetry by a central and two peripheral organizers.
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DOI:
10.1002/dvdy.475
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发表时间:
2022-08
期刊:
Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
--
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其他
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尾鳍的对称性是硬骨鱼的特征,可能有助于它们进化的成功。然而,建立外部对称的骨骼元素的协调发展和模式仍然不完全清楚。我们探讨时空出现的尾部骨骼元件在斑马鱼考虑尾鳍对称性的进化和发展的起源。转基因报告和骨骼染色显示,下壁2和3之间的下壁间隙定义的差距形成早期和分离的两个板的结缔组织的祖细胞。两组中央主射线(CPR)同步,顺序,对称地出现在牙间隙周围。两条最背侧和最腹侧的射线(外周主射线,PPR)独立地产生,并且比相邻的CPR更早。肌肉和肌腱标记显示,不同的肌肉连接到CPR和PPR集。我们建议,尾鳍对称性起源于一个中央组织者,建立了硬膜下间隙和双向模式周围组织成两个板的结缔组织和两个镜像组的CPR。此外,两个外围组织者单向指定PPR,形成来自三个领域的对称“复合”鳍。不同的CPR和PPR个体发育可能代表赋予射线身份,肌肉连接和生物力学特性的发育模块。我们的模型contextualizes硬骨鱼鳍形态变化的机制研究。
Caudal fin symmetry characterizes teleosts and likely contributes to their evolutionary success. However, the coordinated development and patterning of skeletal elements establishing external symmetry remains incompletely understood. We explore the spatiotemporal emergence of caudal skeletal elements in zebrafish to consider evolutionary and developmental origins of caudal fin symmetry. Transgenic reporters and skeletal staining reveal that the hypural diastema-defining gap between hypurals 2 and 3 forms early and separates progenitors of two plates of connective tissue. Two sets of central principal rays (CPRs) synchronously, sequentially, and symmetrically emerge around the diastema. The two dorsal- and ventral-most rays (peripheral principal rays, PPRs) arise independently and earlier than adjacent CPRs. Muscle and tendon markers reveal that different muscles attach to CPR and PPR sets. We propose that caudal fin symmetry originates from a central organizer that establishes the hypural diastema and bi-directionally patterns surrounding tissue into two plates of connective tissue and two mirrored sets of CPRs. Further, two peripheral organizers unidirectionally specify PPRs, forming a symmetric “composite” fin derived from three fields. Distinct CPR and PPR ontogenies may represent developmental modules conferring ray identities, muscle connections, and biomechanical properties. Our model contextualizes mechanistic studies of teleost fin morphological variation.
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