Postglacial history of East European boreal forests in the mid‐Kama region, pre‐Urals, Russia
Postglacial history of East European boreal forests in the mid‐Kama region, pre‐Urals, Russia
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俄罗斯乌拉尔山脉前部卡马地区中部东欧北方森林的冰后历史
作者：
Shumilovskikh L.S;Schmidt M;Pereskokov M;Sannikov P.
乌拉尔山脉是欧洲和西伯利亚森林之间的重要气候和地理屏障。为了阐明冰后期欧洲前乌拉尔地区北方森林的形成和演化，我们从位于南部针叶林和中卡马地区半北方森林带之间的帕尔廷斯科伊沼泽中获得了泥炭沉积物岩心Chernaya。我们进行了花粉分析、非花粉孢粉分析、烧失量测试和放射性碳测年。放射性碳测年记录提供了过去8.8 ka欧洲前乌拉尔地区植被和环境历史的百年至十年分辨率。冰后期形成的前乌拉尔半北方森林揭示了四个重要阶段：（i）西伯利亚针叶林和森林草原的优势，在早全新世和中全新世开始（8.8-6.9 ka），表明气候干燥;（ii）中全新世云杉和欧洲阔叶树的传播（iii）阔叶树的最大范围与西伯利亚冷杉在晚全新世的到达和传播相一致（4-2.3 ka）;（iv）早铁器时代（2.3 ka -至今）以来阔叶树的衰退，可能是由于普遍气候变冷和伐木。温带阔叶树可能是从乌拉尔山的避难所传播而来的，而冷杉则是从西伯利亚传播到更西的地方。Paltinskoe沼泽的碳积累速率（18.9±10.16 g Cm −2a−1）接近北方泥炭地碳积累的平均值。泥炭的局部发育特征是非渐进生长，在3.5和2.3 ka之间有一个密集的碳积累阶段。植被在全新世早期受到火灾的强烈影响，自铁器时代早期以来，人类进行了森林砍伐，农业和牧场。人类活动增加的阶段与当地的考古数据有很好的相关性。
The Ural Mountains are an important climatic and biogeographical barrier between European and Siberian forests. In order to shed light on the postglacial formation and evolution of the boreal forests in the European pre‐Urals, we obtained a peat sediment core, Chernaya, from the Paltinskoe bog located between the southern taiga and hemiboreal forest zone in the mid‐Kama region. We carried out pollen analysis, non‐pollen palynomorph analysis, loss‐on‐ignition tests and radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon dated records provide centennial to decennial resolution of the vegetation and environmental history of the European pre‐Urals for the last 8.8 ka. The postglacial formation of the pre‐Uralian hemiboreal forests reveals four important phases: (i) the dominance of Siberian taiga and forest‐steppe in the Early Holocene and beginning of the Middle Holocene (8.8–6.9 ka), indicating a dry climate; (ii) the spread of spruce and European broadleaved trees in the Middle Holocene (6.9–4 ka) under wetter climate conditions; (iii) the maximum extent of broadleaved trees coinciding with the arrival and spread of Siberian fir in the Late Holocene (4–2.3 ka); and (iv) the decline of broadleaved trees since the Early Iron Age (2.3 ka – present) possibly due to general climate cooling and logging. While temperate broadleaved trees possibly spread from local refugia in the Urals, fir arrived from Siberia and spread further west. The carbon accumulation rate of Paltinskoe bog (18.9±10.16 g C m−2a−1) is close to the average value of carbon accumulation of northern peatlands. Local development of peat is characterized by non‐gradual growth with a phase of intensive carbon accumulation between 3.5 and 2.3 ka. The vegetation was strongly influenced by fire in the Early Holocene and by humans since the Early Iron Age practicing deforestation, agriculture and pasture. Phases of increased anthropogenic activity correlate well with the local archaeological data.
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--
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