Bumble bees are constant to nectar-robbing behaviour despite low switching costs
Bumble bees are constant to nectar-robbing behaviour despite low switching costs
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尽管转换成本较低，大黄蜂仍不断地进行抢夺花蜜的行为
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.09.008
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
J. Bronstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elinor M. Lichtenberg;Rebecca E. Irwin;J. Bronstein
HighlightsWe研究了影响大黄蜂觅食策略稳定性的因素。蜜蜂通过花的开口（合法）或通过花基部的洞（抢劫）觅食。蜜蜂觅食是高度恒定的：合法喂养或抢劫花蜜。蜜蜂很容易切换策略，并且没有切换的成本。个体有时表现出惊人的稳定性，即使他们能够短期的行为灵活性。恒定性使动物能够避免记忆限制等成本，但也可能通过行为-环境不匹配造成重大的机会成本。目前尚不清楚个人何时应该表现出行为稳定性，以及哪些类型的成本对这种行为影响最大。我们使用的情况下，在一个人口中的个人表现出一个以上的处理策略，为一个单一的食物类型，以调查是否与策略之间的切换相关的成本约束表达的个体内的变化。利用野生熊蜂（熊蜂属）通过花朵开口（合法访问）或通过花朵底部的洞（抢劫）以花蜜为食，我们提出了三个问题。(1)个体蜜蜂在觅食过程中是否表现出策略的恒定性？(2)人们是否愿意改变他们的食物处理策略？(3)食物处理策略的恒定性是否由与转换策略相关的成本维持？除了处理时间外，我们还测量了能量成本。我们发现，蜜蜂在草地上自由觅食是高度恒定的一个单一的食物处理策略内和跨回合。然而，对个体圈养蜜蜂的实验表明，这些蜜蜂愿意改变策略，并且这样做的成本最低。因此，转换成本不驱动观察到的恒定性，在食物处理策略的大黄蜂内和跨觅食回合。
HighlightsWe examined factors influencing constancy of foraging tactics in bumble bees.Bees forage via floral openings (legitimate) or via holes at the flower base (rob).Bee foraging was highly constant: feeding legitimately or robbing nectar.Bees readily switched tactics, and there was no cost to switching.Individuals sometimes exhibit striking constancy to a single behaviour even when they are capable of short-term behavioural flexibility. Constancy enables animals to avoid costs such as memory constraints, but can also inflict significant opportunity costs through behaviour–environment mismatch. It is unclear when individuals should exhibit behavioural constancy and which types of costs most strongly influence such behaviour. We use a case in which individuals within a population exhibit more than one handling tactic for a single food type to investigate whether costs associated with switching among tactics constrain expression of intra-individual variation. Using wild bumble bees (Bombus spp.) that feed on nectar through flower openings (legitimate visits) or through holes at the base of flowers (robbing), we asked three questions.(1) Do individual bees exhibit tactic constancy within and across foraging bouts?(2) Are individuals willing to switch their food-handling tactics?(3) Is constancy in food-handling tactics maintained by costs associated with switching tactics? We measured energetic costs in addition to handling times. We found that bees freely foraging in meadows were highly constant to a single food-handling tactic both within and across bouts. However, experiments with individual captive bees showed that these bees were willing to switch tactics and experienced minimal costs in doing so. Thus, switching costs do not drive the observed constancy in food-handling tactics of bumble bees within and across foraging bouts.
红车轴草上的合法访客和花蜜盗贼与共花植物物种表现出截然不同的花朵保真度：运动学习可能是熊蜂花朵恒常性的主要决定因素吗？
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Ishii HS;Kadoya EZ
通讯作者：
Kadoya EZ