Legitimate visitors and nectar robbers on Trifolium pratense showed contrasting flower fidelity versus co-flowering plant species: could motor learning be a major determinant of flower constancy by bumble bees?
Legitimate visitors and nectar robbers on Trifolium pratense showed contrasting flower fidelity versus co-flowering plant species: could motor learning be a major determinant of flower constancy by bumble bees?
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红车轴草上的合法访客和花蜜盗贼与共花植物物种表现出截然不同的花朵保真度：运动学习可能是熊蜂花朵恒常性的主要决定因素吗？
DOI：
10.1007/s00265-016-2057-7
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Kadoya EZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ishii HS;Kadoya EZ
访花者经常在同一物种的植物之间飞行，比植物的频率和分布预期的要频繁，这种行为被称为花的恒常性。由于其对花性状进化的影响，花的恒常性是否与感知刺激、奖励价值和/或花的处理技巧有关一直受到许多作者的争论。然而，目前尚不清楚处理花朵的技巧是否对花朵的稳定性有实质性的影响，因为需要不同处理技巧的花朵通常在外观（即形状）上也有所不同。研究了三叶三叶（triolium pratense和repens）和三叶三叶（T. pratense，T. tratense）花丛的取食类型稳定性。鸢尾属（repens）和莲花属（lotuscorniculatus）植物。在这些花丛中，个体蜜蜂觅食。通过两种需要不同觅食技术的觅食模式（合法觅食与掠夺花蜜）中的任何一种来采花。行为和花粉负荷分析表明，蜜蜂有时会在合法访问和访问之间转换觅食类型。出席和访问。花蜜掠夺之间的忏悔。出席并拜访l。尽管它们很少在其他觅食类型的组合之间切换。这些结果表明，除了感知刺激和植物空间分布外，其他因素也影响了植物的觅食类型稳定性。在考虑了其他因素后，如奖励和个体觅食者的大小，我们认为觅食所需的处理技能影响了本研究中观察到的花的稳定性。
Flower visitors often fly among plants of the same species more often than is expected from plant frequency and distribution, a behavior known as flower constancy. Because of its implications for the evolution of floral traits, whether flower constancy is associated with perceptual stimuli, reward value, and/or flower handling skills has been debated by many authors. However, it remains unknown whether flower handling skill has a substantial influence on flower constancy because flowers that require different handling skills generally also differ in their appearance (i.e., shape). We investigated the foraging type constancy ofBombus terrestrisworkers that foraged flower patches consisting of two (Trifolium pratenseandTrifolium repens) or three (T. pratense,T. repens, andLotus corniculatus) plant species. In these flower patches, individual bees foragedT. pratenseflowers by either one of the two foraging modes that require different foraging techniques (legitimate foraging versus nectar robbing). Behavioral and pollen load analysis indicated that bees sometimes switched their foraging types between legitimate visits toT. pratenseand visits toT. repensand between nectar robbing onT. pratenseand visits toL. corniculatus, though they rarely switched between other combinations of foraging types. These results indicate that factors other than perceptual stimuli and spatial distribution of plants affected foraging type constancy. After considering other factors, such as the rewards and the sizes of individual foragers, we argue that handling skills required to forage flowers affected flower constancy observed in this study.
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影响因子：
6.1
作者：
HEINRICH, B
通讯作者：
HEINRICH, B
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Goulson, D;Wright, NP
通讯作者：
Wright, NP
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Hill, PSM;Wells, PH;Wells, H
通讯作者：
Wells, H
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
JOHNSON, RA
通讯作者：
JOHNSON, RA
熊蜂物种 Bombus Terrestris（膜翅目：蜜蜂科）对自然环境中花色的辨别
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
A. Dyer
通讯作者：
A. Dyer