Modification of intracellular membrane structures for virus replication.
Modification of intracellular membrane structures for virus replication.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrmicro1890
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发表时间：
2008-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Krijnse-Locker J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller S;Krijnse-Locker J
正链RNA病毒诱导可能支持其基因组复制的大膜结构。同样，痘病毒（大DNA病毒）的细胞质复制发生在相关膜中。这些膜起源于内质网或核内体。支持病毒复制的膜囊泡是由许多RNA病毒诱导的。同样地，痘病毒的复制位点被来自内质网的双膜池包围。自发现自噬细胞过程涉及双膜囊泡的形成以来，已经提出了与自噬的类比。然而，缺乏支持这一假设的分子证据。病毒复制复合体的膜结合是由一个或多个病毒蛋白介导的，这些病毒蛋白包含与膜结合或整合到膜中的序列。具有复制能力的膜可能含有含有两亲螺旋的病毒或细胞蛋白，两亲螺旋可以介导形成球形囊泡所需的膜弯曲。尽管痘病毒的DNA复制发生在er封闭位点内，但对于大多数RNA病毒来说，复制的拓扑结构并不清楚。一些RNA病毒的初步结果表明，它们的复制也可能发生在双膜囊泡内。我们推测细胞质复制可能发生在被er源性池“包裹”的位点内，并且这些池对细胞质是开放的。因此，RNA和DNA病毒可以使用一种共同的复制机制，包括由细胞池膜包裹膜。我们建议使用高分辨率电子显微镜技术进行三维分析可能有助于解决这一问题。高通量小干扰rna筛选也应该阐明病毒诱导的膜修饰的分子要求。许多病毒在宿主细胞中复制时诱导改变膜结构的形成。本综述探讨了病毒如何修饰细胞膜，强调了不同科病毒诱导的结构之间的相似性，并讨论了这些结构是如何形成的。病毒是细胞内的寄生虫，利用它们感染的宿主细胞产生新的传染性后代。病毒生命周期的不同步骤与细胞骨架或细胞质膜有关，这些细胞骨架或细胞质膜在感染期间经常发生修饰。正链RNA病毒诱导支持其基因组复制的膜增殖。类似地，一些DNA病毒的细胞质复制与修饰的细胞膜有关。我们描述了病毒如何修饰细胞膜，强调了不同科病毒诱导的结构之间的相似性，并讨论了这些结构是如何形成的。
Plus-stranded RNA viruses induce large membrane structures that might support the replication of their genomes. Similarly, cytoplasmic replication of poxviruses (large DNA viruses) occurs in associated membranes. These membranes originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or endosomes. Membrane vesicles that support viral replication are induced by a number of RNA viruses. Similarly, the poxvirus replication site is surrounded by a double-membraned cisterna that is derived from the ER. Analogies to autophagy have been proposed since the finding that autophagy cellular processes involve the formation of double-membrane vesicles. However, molecular evidence to support this hypothesis is lacking. Membrane association of the viral replication complex is mediated by the presence of one or more viral proteins that contain sequences which associate with, or integrate into, membranes. Replication-competent membranes might contain viral or cellular proteins that contain amphipathic helices, which could mediate the membrane bending that is required to form spherical vesicles. Whereas poxvirus DNA replication occurs inside the ER-enclosed site, for most RNA viruses the topology of replication is not clear. Preliminary results for some RNA viruses suggest that their replication could also occur inside double-membrane vesicles. We speculate that cytoplasmic replication might occur inside sites that are 'enwrapped' by an ER-derived cisterna, and that these cisternae are open to the cytoplasm. Thus, RNA and DNA viruses could use a common mechanism for replication that involves membrane wrapping by cellular cisternal membranes. We propose that three-dimensional analyses using high-resolution electron-microscopy techniques could be useful for addressing this issue. High-throughput small-interfering-RNA screens should also shed light on molecular requirements for virus-induced membrane modifications. Many viruses induce the formation of altered membrane structures upon replication in host cells. This Review examines how viruses modify intracellular membranes, highlights similarities between the structures that are induced by viruses from different families and discusses how these structures could be formed. Viruses are intracellular parasites that use the host cell they infect to produce new infectious progeny. Distinct steps of the virus life cycle occur in association with the cytoskeleton or cytoplasmic membranes, which are often modified during infection. Plus-stranded RNA viruses induce membrane proliferations that support the replication of their genomes. Similarly, cytoplasmic replication of some DNA viruses occurs in association with modified cellular membranes. We describe how viruses modify intracellular membranes, highlight similarities between the structures that are induced by viruses of different families and discuss how these structures could be formed.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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