Cetacean epidermal specialization: A review.
Cetacean epidermal specialization: A review.
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DOI：
10.1111/ahe.12829
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发表时间：
2022-09
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影响因子：
--
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中科院分区：
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--
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鲸类动物的皮肤一直是来自不同科学学科的研究人员的研究重点。然而，大多数关于脂质角化细胞基本功能的研究仅限于关于渗透性屏障的专门文献。脂质角化细胞构成了大部分鲸类表皮，为抵御各种环境侵略者（包括不断增加的污染物）提供了第一层保护。本文综述了近年来鲸类动物皮肤功能生物学的研究进展，包括在细胞、遗传和分子水平上的特殊适应。我们将这些数据与鲸目动物的渗透性屏障的独特结构和对完全水生生物的代谢适应联系起来，包括二级屏障的发展，以抵御诸如生物污染和暴露于极冷的表皮等挑战，这是在鲸脂提供的绝缘之外。鲸类动物皮肤中脂肪生成酶的一些基因丢失与鲸类动物表皮脂肪生成的高度，以及桥蛋白蛋白1和桥蛋白蛋白基因的丢失之间存在明显的矛盾[尽管报道了这些蛋白质的免疫定位]，需要对基因丢失数据进行重新评估。
Cetacean skin continues to be the investigative focus of researchers from several different scientific disciplines. Yet, most research on the basic functions of lipo-keratinocytes, which constitute most of cetacean epidermis, providing the first layer of protection against various environmental aggressors (including an ever-increasing level of pollutants), is restricted to specialized literature on the permeability barrier only. In this review, we have attempted to bring together much of the recent research on the functional biology of cetacean skin, including special adaptations at the cellular, genetic and molecular level. We have correlated these data with the cetacean permeability barrier’s unique structural and metabolic adaptations to a fully aquatic life, including the development of secondary barriers to ward off challenges such as biofouling as well as exposure to extreme cold for the epidermis, which is outside of the insulation provided by blubber. An apparent contradiction exists between some of the reported gene loss for lipogenic enzymes in cetacean skin and the high degree of cetacean epidermal lipogenesis, as well as loss of desmocollin 1 and desmoplakin genes [while immunolocalization of these proteins are reported ], warrants a re-evaluation of the gene loss data..
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