Real‐Time Fault Tracking and Ground Motion Prediction for Large Earthquakes With HR‐GNSS and Deep Learning

Real‐Time Fault Tracking and Ground Motion Prediction for Large Earthquakes With HR‐GNSS and Deep Learning
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利用 HR-GNSS 和深度学习对大地震进行实时故障跟踪和地面运动预测

DOI:
10.1029/2023jb027255
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Searcy, Jacob
Searcy, Jacob
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lin, Jiun‐Ting;Melgar, Diego;Sahakian, Valerie J.;Thomas, Amanda M.;Searcy, Jacob

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地震预警系统的目的是在地震发生后迅速预测地震强度,并在强震发生前向受影响地区发出警报。该系统依赖于对震源参数的快速准确估计。然而,众所周知,在真实的时间内对大破裂进行源估计是具有挑战性的,并且它经常导致震级低估。在以前的研究中,我们表明机器学习,HR-GNSS和真实的破裂合成可以用来可靠地预测地震震级。该模型被称为机器学习评估的快速大地测量地震模型(M‐LARGE),可以快速预测大地震震级,准确率高达99%。在这里,我们扩展了M-LARGE来预测质心位置和断层大小,从而能够使用现有的地面运动模型来构建断层破裂程度以预测震动强度。我们在智利俯冲带测试我们的模型,有数千个模拟和五个真实的大地震。结果实现了40.5秒的平均预警时间为震动强度MMI 4+,超过了34秒,通过类似的GNSS EEW模型获得。我们的方法通过展示真实的实时故障跟踪的可行性而没有饱和问题,解决了现有EEW系统在大地震中的关键差距。这种能力导致及时和准确的地面运动预测,并可以支持其他方法,提高EEW系统的整体效率。此外,预测真实的智利地震的震源参数的能力意味着,由我们对地震标度的理解所支配的合成数据与实际破裂过程是一致的。
Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems aim to forecast the shaking intensity rapidly after an earthquake occurs and send warnings to affected areas before the onset of strong shaking. The system relies on rapid and accurate estimation of earthquake source parameters. However, it is known that source estimation for large ruptures in real‐time is challenging, and it often leads to magnitude underestimation. In a previous study, we showed that machine learning, HR‐GNSS, and realistic rupture synthetics can be used to reliably predict earthquake magnitude. This model, called Machine‐Learning Assessed Rapid Geodetic Earthquake model (M‐LARGE), can rapidly forecast large earthquake magnitudes with an accuracy of 99%. Here, we expand M‐LARGE to predict centroid location and fault size, enabling the construction of the fault rupture extent for forecasting shaking intensity using existing ground motion models. We test our model in the Chilean Subduction Zone with thousands of simulated and five real large earthquakes. The result achieves an average warning time of 40.5 s for shaking intensity MMI4+, surpassing the 34 s obtained by a similar GNSS EEW model. Our approach addresses a critical gap in existing EEW systems for large earthquakes by demonstrating real‐time fault tracking feasibility without saturation issues. This capability leads to timely and accurate ground motion forecasts and can support other methods, enhancing the overall effectiveness of EEW systems. Additionally, the ability to predict source parameters for real Chilean earthquakes implies that synthetic data, governed by our understanding of earthquake scaling, is consistent with the actual rupture processes.
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