Sexual Differences in Life History and Resource Utilization by the Hermit Crab
Sexual Differences in Life History and Resource Utilization by the Hermit Crab
复制标题
寄居蟹生活史和资源利用的性别差异
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Asakura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Asakura
从寄居蟹的生活史模式、栖息地、季节行为反应、空壳资源利用和种内竞争能力的大小差异等方面探讨寄居蟹性别差异的进化原因和生态后果。沙居寄居蟹（Diogenes nitidimanus）和沙蜗牛（Umbonium moniliferum）在研究区分布极为丰富，形成了一个基本的资源和利用系统。雄蟹的大小频率分布几乎持平，而体型较大的雌蟹则有一个显著的峰值，这表明两性的生长和死亡率模式不同。从9月到次年6月，各性别小蟹的大小-频率直方图在大小范围内没有明显的峰值。男性比女性大。根据生存曲线和生长曲线估算的空壳数量和大小表明，极小壳和大壳都很容易获得，而适合小蟹的中型壳相对较少。这导致小螃蟹使用受损的外壳，比它们喜欢的尺寸小得多，并且不太常见或不栖息在沙滩上的物种。雄性对生境的利用比雌性更多样化。雄性比雌性更频繁地使用生活在沙地上的U. moniliferum和其他蜗牛的壳和偏好大小的壳，并且也倾向于使用更大和更可变的壳。两性都不太喜欢破碎的壳或被表层生物覆盖的壳，尽管表层生物覆盖的壳被雄性更频繁地使用。两性使用破碎的贝壳的频率相似。提供与田间可用壳分布相似的壳的螃蟹培养1年。雄蟹的生长速度往往比雌蟹快，耗尽了有限的中型壳供应。较小的螃蟹限制了它们的生长，直到有了这样的壳，这解释了在野外种群中没有小螃蟹的高峰。尽管野外种群的性别比偏向于女性，但实验室种群的性别比为1:1，表明野外男性的死亡率更高。这些结果表明，雄虫在获得空壳方面优于雌虫。这种特性使雄性能够长得更大，这对获得雌性是有利的。然而，壳的缺乏给雄性带来了更大的压力，导致它们的死亡率更高。
Evolutionary causes and ecological consequences of sexual differences in hermit crabs were examined through their life history patterns, habitats, behavioral re- sponses to seasonal and size differences in the utilization of vacant shell resources and intraspecific competitive ability. The sand-dwelling hermit crab, Diogenes nitidimanus, and the sand snail, Umbonium moniliferum, were extremely abundant in the study area, com- prising a virtually single resource and utilizer system. Size-frequency distributions of the crabs were nearly flat for males but had a prominent peak for larger females, suggesting different patterns of growth and mortality for the two sexes. No conspicuous peak in the size range of small crabs was obvious in size-frequency histograms for each sex from September to the following June. Males were larger than females. The number and size of vacant shells produced by the population of U. moniliferum, estimated from their survivorship and growth curves, indicated that both extremely small and large shells were readily available, whereas medium-sized shells suitable for small crabs were relatively rare. This resulted in small crabs using shells that were damaged, much smaller than the sizes they preferred, and of less common species or species that did not inhabit the sand flat. Habitat use by males was more diverse than by females. The males used shells of U. moniliferum and other snails inhabiting the sand flat and shells of preferred size more frequently than did females, and also tended to use shells that were larger and more variable in size. Shells that were broken or epibiota covered were less preferred by both sexes, although epibiota-covered shells were used more frequently by males. Broken shells were used at similar frequency by both sexes. Crabs supplied with shells of a similar size distribution to that available in the field were cultured for 1 yr. Males tended to grow faster than females, exhausting the limited supply of medium-sized shells. The smaller crabs restrained their growth until such shells became available, explaining the absence of a peak of small crabs in the field population. Although the sex ratio of the field population was female biased, that of the laboratory population was 1:1, indicating that males had a higher mortality rate in the field. These results suggest that males are better intraspecific competitors than females in the acquisition of vacant shells. This quality enables males to grow larger, which is advanta- geous in the acquisition of females. However, shell scarcity produced greater stress in males resulting in their higher mortality rate.
昆虫交配系统的进化
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199678020.003.0004
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
--
影响因子：
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作者：
Ritchie M
通讯作者：
Ritchie M