Long-term in situ monitoring at Dashgil mud volcano, Azerbaijan: a link between seismicity, pore-pressure transients and methane emission
Long-term in situ monitoring at Dashgil mud volcano, Azerbaijan: a link between seismicity, pore-pressure transients and methane emission
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阿塞拜疆达什吉尔泥火山的长期现场监测：地震活动、孔隙压力瞬变和甲烷排放之间的联系
DOI：
10.1007/s00531-009-0487-4
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Guliyev
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delisle;Panahi;Aliyev;Guliyev
泥火山作用是一种全球性现象，通常与挤压构造有关，挤压构造有利于陆地和海上富含流体和粘土矿物的沉积物的挤出。甲烷是主要的气相，在泥丘就位期间和之后以不同的速率排放。在大陆泥火山的情况下，气体直接释放到大气中，从而导致全球变暖。阿塞拜疆是全球泥丘丰度最高的国家之一。最著名的泥火山之一，达什吉尔，已被选为案例研究，因为它的历史记录的暴力喷发，持续的活动，以及有据可查的区域地质在高加索造山楔毗邻里海。自2003年以来，在两个火山口湖之一的气体流量进行了定量测量，其特征是阀型行为和间歇性的暴力脱气。2007年，这个大火山口湖又安装了甲烷流量计，以及一个进入管道的原位孔隙压力探头。我们的数据得到了区域地震活动的补充，并显示出以下结果：（1）在供给主火山口湖的管道中孔隙压力的变化与气体逸出速率之间似乎存在显著的相关性;（2）气体通量速率的变化似乎与当地地震活动无关，特别是因为自2003年以来没有记录到更大的EQ;（3）虽然由于技术故障而未能持续监测，但我们观察到甲烷排放量整体上会随时间而增加;（4）附近的地震活动（<M4.6）可以与测压仪记录的孔隙压力瞬态相关，与震前值相比，孔隙压力瞬态高达2.4 kPa;（5）湖平面有时会出现与降水或蒸发无关的强烈波动，这是由于两个火山口湖与相邻的狮鹫之间的底层水力连通造成的。丰富的观测结果使我们得出结论，监测气体通量和孔隙压力提供了重要的时间序列数据的甲烷排放到大气中和孔隙压力作为代理同震应变。
Mud volcanism is a global phenomenon usually associated with compressional tectonics that favour extrusion of fluid- and clay mineral-rich sediment both on land and offshore. Methane, the dominant gas phase, is emitted at variable rates during and after emplacement of the mud domes. In case of continental mud volcanoes, the gas is directly released into the atmosphere, thereby contributing to global warming. Azerbaijan is one of the countries with one of the highest abundances of mud domes globally. One of the most prominent mud volcanoes,Dashgil, has been chosen for a case study because of its historic record of violent eruptions, continued activity, and well-documented regional geology in the Caucasus orogenic wedge adjacent to the Caspian Sea. Since 2003, gas flux has quantitatively measured at one of the two crater lakes and is characterized by valve-type behaviour and episodically violent degassing. In 2007, the large crater lake was additionally equipped with methane fluxmeters as well as an in situ pore-pressure probe into the conduit. Our data are complemented by regional seismicity, and exhibit the following results: (1) there seems to be a significant correlation between changes in pore pressure in the conduit feeding the main crater lake and the rate of gas escape; (2) changes in gas-flux rate appear to be independent of local seismicity, in particular since no larger EQs have been recorded since 2003; (3) despite discontinuous monitoring owing to technical failures, we observe an overall increase in methane emission with time; (4) nearby earthquake activity (<M4.6) can be correlated with pore-pressure transients recorded by the piezometer, which reach up to 2.4 kPa compared to the pre-seismic value; (5) from time to time, there are strong lake-level fluctuations decoupled from precipitation or evaporation, which are explained by subbottom hydraulic communication between the two crater lakes and adjacent gryphons. The wealth of observations leads us to conclude that monitoring gas flux and pore pressure provides important time series data for both methane emission into the atmosphere and pore pressure as a proxy for co-seismic strain.
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