Endogenous Retroelements and the Host Innate Immune Sensors.

Endogenous Retroelements and the Host Innate Immune Sensors.
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DOI:
10.1016/bs.ai.2016.07.001
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hur, S.
Hur, S.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mu, X.;Ahmad, S.;Hur, S.

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区分自我和非自我的能力是所有生物体免疫系统的基本基础。然而,当涉及到内源性逆转录病毒和其他逆转录因子时,自我和非自我之间的概念区别就消失了。虽然一些逆转录元件保留了病毒样特征,包括复制和重新侵入宿主基因组的能力,但大多数逆转录元件通过突变或宿主表观遗传沉默而变得无活性。然而,越来越多的证据表明,内源性逆转录因子,无论是活性的还是非活性的,不仅在免疫疾病的发病机制中起重要作用,而且在免疫系统的正常功能中也起重要作用。本文就逆转录因子与宿主先天免疫系统相互作用的研究进展作一综述。特别是,它侧重于逆转录因子转录对病毒RNA传感器,如Toll样受体,RIG-I样受体,蛋白激酶R和炎性小体的影响。
The ability to distinguish between self and nonself is the fundamental basis of the immune system in all organisms. The conceptual distinction between self and nonself, however, breaks down when it comes to endogenous retroviruses and other retroelements. While some retroelements retain the virus-like features including the capacity to replicate and reinvade the host genome, most have become inactive through mutations or host epigenetic silencing. And yet, accumulating evidence suggests that endogenous retroelements, both active and inactive, play important roles not only in pathogenesis of immune disorders, but also in proper functioning of the immune system. This review discusses the recent development in our understanding of the interaction between retroelements and the host innate immune system. In particular, it focuses on the impact of retroelement transcripts on the viral RNA sensors such as Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, protein kinase R, and the inflammasomes.
识别广泛的超编辑人类RNA。
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