The transcription factor, Lmx1b, promotes a neuronal glutamate phenotype and suppresses a GABA one in the embryonic trigeminal brainstem complex.

The transcription factor, Lmx1b, promotes a neuronal glutamate phenotype and suppresses a GABA one in the embryonic trigeminal brainstem complex.
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转录因子LMX1B促进神经谷氨酸表型并抑制胚胎三叉神经脑干复合物中的GABA。

DOI:
10.3109/08990220.2011.650869
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
0.9
通讯作者:
Chen ZF
Chen ZF
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xiang CX;Zhang KH;Johnson RL;Jacquin MF;Chen ZF

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在抑制性和兴奋性神经元命运之间实现适当的平衡对于有效突触传递的发展至关重要。然而,决定这种表型结果的分子机制尚不清楚,特别是在胡须到桶状皮层神经轴中,这是一种经常使用的用于揭示发育机制的模型系统。在三叉神经主核 (PrV)(须桶通路中的脑干连接)中,转录因子 Lmx1b 标记谷氨酸能细胞。在 Lmx1b 敲除小鼠 (−/−) 的 PrV 中,谷氨酸能细胞与 GABA 能细胞命运的初始规范直到胚胎第 14.5 天都是正常的。随后直到出生当天,谷氨酸能标记物(例如 VGLUT2)对较少的 PrV 神经元进行染色,而 GABA 能标记物(Pax2 和 Gad1)对较多的 PrV 细胞进行染色,特别是在 Lmx1b 缺失的 PrV 细胞中。这些变化也发生在 Lmx1b/Bax 双−/− 小鼠中,其中 PrV 细胞从 Lmx1b−/− 诱导的细胞凋亡中被拯救出来;因此,对兴奋性/抑制性细胞比率的影响并不反映细胞死亡的混杂。电穿孔诱导的 Lmx1b 在一系列位点的异位表达减少了表达 GABA 能标记的神经元数量,但增加了 VGLUT2+ 细胞数量或染色强度。因此,Lmx1b 不参与谷氨酸能细胞命运的初始规范,但对于维持谷氨酸能表型至关重要。其他实验表明,Lmx1b 以细胞自主方式抑制 Pax2(GABA 能细胞命运的启动子),这可能是维持发育中谷氨酸能和 GABA 能细胞类型功能平衡的机制。
Achieving an appropriate balance between inhibitory and excitatory neuronal fate is critical for development of effective synaptic transmission. However, the molecular mechanisms dictating such phenotypic outcomes are not well understood, especially in the whisker-to-barrel cortex neuraxis, an oft-used model system for revealing developmental mechanisms. In trigeminal nucleus principalis (PrV), the brainstem link in the whisker-barrel pathway, the transcription factor Lmx1b marks glutamatergic cells. In PrV of Lmx1b knockout mice (−/−), initial specification of glutamatergic versus GABAergic cell fate is normal until embryonic day 14.5. Subsequently until the day of birth, glutamatergic markers (e.g. VGLUT2) stain significantly fewer PrV neurons, whereas, GABAergic markers (Pax2 and Gad1) stain significantly more PrV cells, notably in Lmx1b-null PrV cells. These changes also occurred in Lmx1b/Bax double −/− mice, where PrV cells are rescued from Lmx1b−/−-induced apoptosis; thus, effects upon excitatory/inhibitory cell ratios do not reflect a cell death confound. Electroporation-induced ectopic expression of Lmx1b in an array of sites decreases numbers of neurons that express GABAergic markers, but increases VGLUT2+ cell numbers or stain intensity. Thus, Lmx1b is not involved in the initial specification of glutamatergic cell fate, but is essential for maintaining a glutamatergic phenotype. Other experiments suggest that Lmx1b acts to suppress Pax2, a promoter of GABAergic cell fate, in a cell-autonomous manner, which may be a mechanism for maintaining a functional balance of glutamatergic and GABAergic cell types in development.
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