Between the Supernatural and the Natural: Ockham on Evident Judgements

Between the Supernatural and the Natural: Ockham on Evident Judgements
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在超自然与自然之间:奥卡姆论明显的判断

DOI:
10.1007/s11245-016-9445-5
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
Topoi
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sonja Schierbaum
Sonja Schierbaum
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sonja Schierbaum

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奥卡姆把直觉定义为这样一种认识,即在这种认识的基础上,不仅可以明显地判断一个事物存在时它存在,而且可以明显地判断一个事物不存在时它不存在。他进一步区分了自然直觉和超自然直觉。本文的目的是确定,根据奥卡姆,什么可以判断显然是通过自然的直觉,什么只能判断显然是通过超自然的直觉。人们通常认为,通过自然直觉,我们只能作出肯定的判断,而通过超自然直觉,我们既可以作出肯定的判断,也可以作出否定的判断。论文表明,这种将两者进行对比的方式是错误的。本文认为,而不是自然的直觉,根据奥卡姆,使我们能够作出肯定和否定的判断。
Ockham defines intuition as the kind of cognition on the basis of which it is not only possible to evidently judge that a thing exists when it exists, but also that a thing does not exist when it does not exist. He makes a further distinction between natural intuition and supernatural intuition. The aim of this paper is to determine what, according to Ockham, can be judged evidently by means of natural intuition and what can only be judged evidently by means of supernatural intuition. It is commonly assumed that by natural intuition we can make only affirmative judgements, whereas by supernatural intuition we can make both affirmative and negative judgements. The paper shows that this way of contrasting the two is mistaken. The paper argues instead that also natural intuition, according to Ockham, enables us to make both affirmative and negative judgements.
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