Formation processes at sites with high-resolution sequences in the Crimean Middle Paleolithic: The Kabazi V rock shelter and the open-air site of Kabazi II compared
Formation processes at sites with high-resolution sequences in the Crimean Middle Paleolithic: The Kabazi V rock shelter and the open-air site of Kabazi II compared
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克里米亚旧石器时代中期高分辨率序列遗址的形成过程：卡巴齐 V 岩石掩体和卡巴齐 II 露天遗址的比较
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.017
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
V. P. Chabai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uthmeier;V. P. Chabai
在克里米亚的几个旧石器时代遗址的特点是长期的地层序列与许多薄原位考古层位。在这种情况下，我们比较了两个相邻的网站在卡巴齐山，其部分序列是同期的，在OIS 3的网站形成过程中的相似性和差异。在Kabazi II，15 m的主要崩积沉积物堆积在一个巨大的石灰岩块后面。崩积沉积动力学的差异导致考古层位保存在原地和组合移动下坡到挖掘区。由于植被覆盖上坡稳定期土壤形成过程成为可能。Kabazi V是一个具有不同沉积学背景的埋藏岩石掩体。在这里，沉积物是由软的货币化石灰岩溶解和流水的影响而形成的，部分被夹在大量的岩石瀑布之间。尽管地点类型不同，但两个地点的矿床都具有原地（“内部”）和异地（“外部”）矿床的特点。在这两种情况下，矿床的保存是由于它们受到大的岩石崩塌的保护。平均年沉积速率表明，考古分辨率的序列是一个结果，经常性的人类使用在很长一段时间比高的绝对沉积速率。每种情况下考古层之间的平均时间表明，卡巴齐五世的大本营比卡巴齐二世的狩猎和屠杀遗址更经常被尼安德特人使用。这表明长期持久性的网站集水标准适用于Kabazi山，并在克里米亚旧石器时代中期的景观感知大本营的重要作用。
Several Paleolithic sites in the Crimea are characterized by long stratigraphic sequences with numerous thin in-situ archaeological horizons. In this case study, we compare two neighboring sites at Kabazi Mountain, parts of whose sequences are contemporaneous, for similarities and differences in their site formation processes during OIS 3. At Kabazi II, 15 m of mainly colluvial sediments accumulated behind a huge limestone block. Differences in the dynamics of the colluvial sedimentation led to archaeological horizons preserved in situ and assemblages moving downslope into the excavation area. Periods of stability due to vegetation cover upslope made soil formation processes possible. Kabazi V is a buried rock shelter with a different sedimentological setting. Here, sediments were built up by the dissolution of soft nummulitic limestone and influenced by running water, and are in part sandwiched between massive rock fall. Despite the differences in site type, the deposits of both sites are characterized by autochthonous (“inside”) and allochthonous (“outside”) deposits. In both cases, the preservation of deposits is due to their protection by large rock fall. Mean annual sedimentation rates show that the archaeological resolution of the sequences is more a consequence of recurrent human use over long periods than of high absolute sedimentation rates. The average time elapsing in each case between the archaeological layers indicates that the base camp of Kabazi V was more frequently used by Neanderthals than the kill-and butchering site of Kabazi II. This suggests long-term persistence of the site catchment criteria applied at Kabazi Mountain, and an important role for base camps in the Crimean Middle Paleolithic perception of landscape.
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