Targeting MCL-1 dysregulates cell metabolism and leukemia-stroma interactions and resensitizes acute myeloid leukemia to BCL-2 inhibition.

Targeting MCL-1 dysregulates cell metabolism and leukemia-stroma interactions and resensitizes acute myeloid leukemia to BCL-2 inhibition.
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DOI:
10.3324/haematol.2020.260331
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发表时间:
2022-01-01
期刊:
影响因子:
10.1
通讯作者:
Andreeff M
Andreeff M
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carter BZ;Mak PY;Tao W;Warmoes M;Lorenzi PL;Mak D;Ruvolo V;Tan L;Cidado J;Drew L;Andreeff M

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MCL-1 和 BCL-2 在急性髓系白血病 (AML) 中经常过度表达,对于 AML 细胞和 AML 干细胞的存活至关重要。 MCL-1 是 Venetoclax 耐药的关键因素。通过遗传和药理学方法,我们发现 MCL-1 调节白血病细胞生物能和碳水化合物代谢,包括 TCA 循环、糖酵解和磷酸戊糖途径,并调节细胞粘附蛋白和白血病-基质相互作用。 MCL-1 的抑制使 AML 细胞和 AML 干/祖细胞中的 BCL-2 抑制变得敏感,包括那些通过与抗凋亡 BCL-2 蛋白结合协同释放促凋亡 BIM、BAX 和 BAK 以及抑制细胞代谢和关键基质微环境机制而对 Venetoclax 具有内在和获得性耐药性的细胞。 MCL-1 抑制剂 AZD5991 或 CDK9 抑制剂 AZD4573 和 BCL-2 联合抑制 Venetoclax 大大延长了携带由对 Venetoclax/地西他滨产生耐药性的 AML 患者建立的患者来源异种移植物的小鼠的存活时间。这些结果表明,共同靶向 MCL-1 和 BCL-2 可提高 BCL-2 抑制的功效并克服对 BCL-2 抑制的预先存在的和获得性的耐药性。代谢组途径的激活和白血病-基质相互作用是 MCL-1 在 AML 中新发现的功能,它们独立于 MCL-1 对细胞凋亡的典型调节。我们的数据提供了新的协同作用机制以及临床上共同靶向 AML 和其他潜在癌症患者的 MCL-1 和 BCL-2 的基本原理。
MCL-1 and BCL-2 are both frequently overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and critical for the survival of AML cells and AML stem cells. MCL-1 is a key factor in venetoclax resistance. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we discovered that MCL-1 regulates leukemia cell bioenergetics and carbohydrate metabolisms, including the TCA cycle, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway and modulates cell adhesion proteins and leukemia-stromal interactions. Inhibition of MCL-1 sensitizes to BCL-2 inhibition in AML cells and AML stem/progenitor cells, including those with intrinsic and acquired resistance to venetoclax through cooperative release of pro-apoptotic BIM, BAX, and BAK from binding to anti-apoptotic BCL- 2 proteins and inhibition of cell metabolism and key stromal microenvironmental mechanisms. The combined inhibition of MCL-1 by MCL-1 inhibitor AZD5991 or CDK9 inhibitor AZD4573 and BCL-2 by venetoclax greatly extended survival of mice bearing patient-derived xenografts established from an AML patient who acquired resistance to venetoclax/decitabine. These results demonstrate that co-targeting MCL-1 and BCL-2 improves the efficacy of and overcomes pre-existing and acquired resistance to BCL-2 inhibition. Activation of metabolomic pathways and leukemia-stroma interactions are newly discovered functions of MCL-1 in AML, which are independent from canonical regulation of apoptosis by MCL-1. Our data provide new mechanisms of synergy and a rationale for co-targeting MCL-1 and BCL-2 clinically in patients with AML and potentially other cancers.
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