Targeting MCL-1 dysregulates cell metabolism and leukemia-stroma interactions and resensitizes acute myeloid leukemia to BCL-2 inhibition.
Targeting MCL-1 dysregulates cell metabolism and leukemia-stroma interactions and resensitizes acute myeloid leukemia to BCL-2 inhibition.
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DOI:
10.3324/haematol.2020.260331
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发表时间:
2022-01-01
期刊:
影响因子:
10.1
通讯作者:
Andreeff M
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carter BZ;Mak PY;Tao W;Warmoes M;Lorenzi PL;Mak D;Ruvolo V;Tan L;Cidado J;Drew L;Andreeff M
MCL-1 and BCL-2 are both frequently overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and critical for the survival of AML cells and AML stem cells. MCL-1 is a key factor in venetoclax resistance. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we discovered that MCL-1 regulates leukemia cell bioenergetics and carbohydrate metabolisms, including the TCA cycle, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway and modulates cell adhesion proteins and leukemia-stromal interactions. Inhibition of MCL-1 sensitizes to BCL-2 inhibition in AML cells and AML stem/progenitor cells, including those with intrinsic and acquired resistance to venetoclax through cooperative release of pro-apoptotic BIM, BAX, and BAK from binding to anti-apoptotic BCL- 2 proteins and inhibition of cell metabolism and key stromal microenvironmental mechanisms. The combined inhibition of MCL-1 by MCL-1 inhibitor AZD5991 or CDK9 inhibitor AZD4573 and BCL-2 by venetoclax greatly extended survival of mice bearing patient-derived xenografts established from an AML patient who acquired resistance to venetoclax/decitabine. These results demonstrate that co-targeting MCL-1 and BCL-2 improves the efficacy of and overcomes pre-existing and acquired resistance to BCL-2 inhibition. Activation of metabolomic pathways and leukemia-stroma interactions are newly discovered functions of MCL-1 in AML, which are independent from canonical regulation of apoptosis by MCL-1. Our data provide new mechanisms of synergy and a rationale for co-targeting MCL-1 and BCL-2 clinically in patients with AML and potentially other cancers.
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