Implementing Fairness Constraints in Markets Using Taxes and Subsidies

Implementing Fairness Constraints in Markets Using Taxes and Subsidies
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利用税收和补贴在市场中实施公平约束

DOI:
10.1145/3593013.3594051
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
and Transparency
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Usunier, Nicolas
Usunier, Nicolas
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Peysakhovich, Alexander;Kroer, Christian;Usunier, Nicolas

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费雪市场是有预算的买家争夺稀缺物品的市场,这是许多现实市场(包括在线广告)的自然模式。市场均衡是供给满足需求的一系列价格和物品分配。我们展示了市场设计者如何在费雪市场中使用税收或补贴来确保市场均衡结果落在一定的约束范围内。我们展示了这些税收和补贴是如何在市场设计者无法获得私人估值的在线环境中计算出来的。我们将现有文献中提出的各种类型的公平约束调整到市场案例中,并展示了谁从这些约束中受益,谁从这些约束中损失,以及包括帕累托最优、无嫉妒性和激励兼容性在内的市场属性在多大程度上得以保留。我们发现,一些先前讨论过的约束条件在谁的境况会因其施加而变得更好或更糟方面几乎没有保证。
Fisher markets are those where buyers with budgets compete for scarce items, a natural model for many real world markets including online advertising. A market equilibrium is a set of prices and allocations of items such that supply meets demand. We show how market designers can use taxes or subsidies in Fisher markets to ensure that market equilibrium outcomes fall within certain constraints. We show how these taxes and subsidies can be computed even in an online setting where the market designer does not have access to private valuations. We adapt various types of fairness constraints proposed in existing literature to the market case and show who benefits and who loses from these constraints, as well as the extent to which properties of markets including Pareto optimality, envy-freeness, and incentive compatibility are preserved. We find that some prior discussed constraints have few guarantees in terms of who is made better or worse off by their imposition.
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