Functional and Structural Succession of Soil Microbial Communities below Decomposing Human Cadavers.
Functional and Structural Succession of Soil Microbial Communities below Decomposing Human Cadavers.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0130201
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
DeBruyn JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cobaugh KL;Schaeffer SM;DeBruyn JM
微生物在尸体分解过程中的生态演替已经引起了基础和应用研究背景的兴趣（例如，群落聚集和动态；死亡后时间的法医指标）。然而，目前对分解过程中微生物生态的理解几乎完全基于植物凋落物。尽管微生物有独特的分解过程，但我们对微生物回收尸体衍生的有机物知之甚少。我们的目标是量化分解尸体下土壤中微生物种群的分类和功能演替，验证以下假设：a)分解过程中活动增加的时期与特定分类群有关；b)与人类相关的分类群被引入土壤，但不会在宿主之外持续存在。我们收集了四具尸体分解过程中的土壤，并分析了土壤化学、微生物活动和细菌群落结构。正如预期的那样，分解导致了土壤C和养分（特别是氨）的脉冲，并刺激了微生物活动。细菌总丰度没有变化，但我们观察到功能和群落组成发生了明显变化。在主动腐烂期间（死后7 ~ 12 d），呼吸和生物量生产速率较高：群落以变形菌门（相对丰度从15.0%增加到26.1%）和厚壁菌门（相对丰度从1.0增加到29.0%）为主，酸杆菌门丰度从30.4%减少到9.8%。一旦腐烂速度减慢（死后10 ~ 23 d），呼吸作用增加，但生物量生产速率急剧下降；生长效率较低的群落以厚壁菌门（50.9%）和其他厌氧类群为主。与人类相关的细菌，包括专性厌氧拟杆菌，在土壤分解过程中被检测到高浓度，直到死后198天。我们的研究结果揭示了人类来源的有机物分解过程中土壤微生物群落的功能和组成演替模式，为分解过程提供了见解，并确定了死亡估计时间的推定预测种群。
The ecological succession of microbes during cadaver decomposition has garnered interest in both basic and applied research contexts (e.g. community assembly and dynamics; forensic indicator of time since death). Yet current understanding of microbial ecology during decomposition is almost entirely based on plant litter. We know very little about microbes recycling carcass-derived organic matter despite the unique decomposition processes. Our objective was to quantify the taxonomic and functional succession of microbial populations in soils below decomposing cadavers, testing the hypotheses that a) periods of increased activity during decomposition are associated with particular taxa; and b) human-associated taxa are introduced to soils, but do not persist outside their host. We collected soils from beneath four cadavers throughout decomposition, and analyzed soil chemistry, microbial activity and bacterial community structure. As expected, decomposition resulted in pulses of soil C and nutrients (particularly ammonia) and stimulated microbial activity. There was no change in total bacterial abundances, however we observed distinct changes in both function and community composition. During active decay (7 - 12 days postmortem), respiration and biomass production rates were high: the community was dominated by Proteobacteria (increased from 15.0 to 26.1% relative abundance) and Firmicutes (increased from 1.0 to 29.0%), with reduced Acidobacteria abundances (decreased from 30.4 to 9.8%). Once decay rates slowed (10 - 23 d postmortem), respiration was elevated, but biomass production rates dropped dramatically; this community with low growth efficiency was dominated by Firmicutes (increased to 50.9%) and other anaerobic taxa. Human-associated bacteria, including the obligately anaerobic Bacteroides, were detected at high concentrations in soil throughout decomposition, up to 198 d postmortem. Our results revealed the pattern of functional and compositional succession in soil microbial communities during decomposition of human-derived organic matter, provided insight into decomposition processes, and identified putative predictor populations for time since death estimation.
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DOI：
10.1038/ismej.2011.159
发表时间：
2012-05
期刊：
The ISME journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
DOI：
10.1038/ismej.2012.8
发表时间：
2012-08
期刊：
The ISME journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
ABUASHOUR, J;JOY, DM;ZELIN, S
通讯作者：
ZELIN, S
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Benninger, Laura A.;Carter, David O.;Forbes, Shari L.
通讯作者：
Forbes, Shari L.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Fierer, Noah;Bradford, Mark A.;Jackson, Robert B.
通讯作者：
Jackson, Robert B.