Variation of mean flow and turbulence characteristics within canopies of restored intertidal oyster reefs as a function of restoration age
Variation of mean flow and turbulence characteristics within canopies of restored intertidal oyster reefs as a function of restoration age
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恢复潮间带牡蛎礁冠层内平均流量和湍流特征随恢复年龄的变化
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106678
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Walters, Linda J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cannon, David;Kibler, Kelly M.;Kitsikoudis, Vasileios;Medeiros, Stephen C.;Walters, Linda J.
健康牡蛎种群的生态效益已经引起了人们对退化珊瑚礁栖息地恢复和基于自然的珊瑚礁特征设计的兴趣。然而，对恢复后牡蛎礁的水动力研究仍然很少，对恢复后平均流量和湍流度随时间的变化知之甚少。在本研究中，我们研究了浅海微潮河口中恢复（恢复年龄：<1年，2年，4年），退化和完整潮间带牡蛎礁的水动力差异。在每个珊瑚礁进行的现场实验旨在表征与珊瑚礁形态和修复年龄差异相关的流量和湍流的变化，解决修复后是否以及何时重建水动力功能的研究问题。恢复珊瑚礁和参考珊瑚礁（底部以上2厘米）冠层内归一化湍流参数的微小差异与不同的通道到珊瑚礁的速度衰减有关，这与高分辨率激光扫描表征的牡蛎冠层结构的异质性有关。与退化珊瑚礁相比，恢复珊瑚礁和参考珊瑚礁的冠层湍流特征和归一化雷诺兹应力显著升高，强调了珊瑚礁恢复对近床水动力变化的作用。在所有恢复年龄的活参考和恢复珊瑚礁中，冠层上湍流（9 cmab）的水动力相似，估计的粗糙度高度与冠层高度成比例。完整和恢复后的珊瑚礁对比表明，经过适当修复的珊瑚礁在恢复后1年内与历史上完整的珊瑚礁的水动力相似，这一结论支持将珊瑚礁恢复作为一种工具来重建退化珊瑚礁的水动力功能。
The ecological benefits of healthy oyster populations have led to mounting interest in restoration of degraded reef habitats and design of nature-based reef features. However, hydrodynamic studies of restored oyster reef remain sparse, and little is known about changes in mean flow and turbulence as a function of time since restoration. In this study, we investigate hydrodynamic differences between restored (restoration age: <1 y, 2 y, 4 y), degraded, and intact intertidal oyster reefs in a shallow, microtidal estuary. Field experiments conducted at each reef were designed to characterize variability in flow and turbulence associated with differences in reef morphology and restoration age, addressing research questions of whether and when hydrodynamic function is reestablished following restoration. Minor differences in normalized turbulence parameters within the canopies of restored and reference reefs (2 cm above bottom) were associated with variable channel-to-reef velocity attenuation, which was linked to heterogeneity in oyster canopy structure as characterized by high-resolution laser scans. Within-canopy turbulence characteristics and normalized Reynolds stresses were significantly elevated on restored and reference reefs compared to the degraded reef, emphasizing the role of reef restoration in changing near-bed hydrodynamics. Above-canopy (9 cmab) turbulence was hydrodynamically similar across live reference and restored reefs of all restoration ages, with estimated roughness heights that scaled with the canopy height. Comparisons between intact and restored reefs indicate that properly restored reefs can reach hydrodynamic similarity with historically intact reefs within 1 year of restoration, a conclusion that supports the use of reef restoration as a tool to reestablish hydrodynamic functions on degraded reefs.
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