Dissociation of learned helplessness and fear conditioning in mice: a mouse model of depression.
Dissociation of learned helplessness and fear conditioning in mice: a mouse model of depression.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0125892
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Welsh DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Landgraf D;Long J;Der-Avakian A;Streets M;Welsh DK
无助状态被认为是抑郁症的一个核心方面，因此啮齿动物的习得性无助范式通常被用作抑郁症的动物模型。术语“习得性无助”是指动物暴露于无法控制的压力后，特别是对照组/比较组暴露于等量的可控压力后，在逃离令人厌恶的情况方面的缺陷。习得性无助的一个关键特征是无助感在不同情境中的可转移性，这种现象被称为“跨情境性”。然而，大多数对小鼠的研究使用了习得性无助协议，其中训练和测试发生在相同的环境中，并具有相同类型的压力源。因此，无法逃脱可能反映了对特定环境的条件性恐惧，而不是动物无助状态的普遍变化。对于小鼠，没有建立的习得性无助协议，包括trans-situationality功能。在这里，我们描述了一个简单而可靠的小鼠习得性无助协议，在不同的环境和不同类型的应激源进行训练和测试。我们表明，我们的协议约50%的小鼠发展习得性无助，这是不归因于恐惧条件反射。
The state of being helpless is regarded as a central aspect of depression, and therefore the learned helplessness paradigm in rodents is commonly used as an animal model of depression. The term ‘learned helplessness’ refers to a deficit in escaping from an aversive situation after an animal is exposed to uncontrollable stress specifically, with a control/comparison group having been exposed to an equivalent amount of controllable stress. A key feature of learned helplessness is the transferability of helplessness to different situations, a phenomenon called ‘trans-situationality’. However, most studies in mice use learned helplessness protocols in which training and testing occur in the same environment and with the same type of stressor. Consequently, failures to escape may reflect conditioned fear of a particular environment, not a general change of the helpless state of an animal. For mice, there is no established learned helplessness protocol that includes the trans-situationality feature. Here we describe a simple and reliable learned helplessness protocol for mice, in which training and testing are carried out in different environments and with different types of stressors. We show that with our protocol approximately 50% of mice develop learned helplessness that is not attributable to fear conditioning.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Maier, SF;Watkins, LR
通讯作者：
Watkins, LR
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Chourbaji, S;Zacher, C;Gass, P
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Shumake, J;Barrett, D;Gonzalez-Lima, F
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
Fleshner, Monika
DOI：
10.1016/s1385-299x(97)00031-7
发表时间：
1997-12-01
期刊：
BRAIN RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Drugan, RC;Basile, AS;Ferland, RJ
通讯作者：
Ferland, RJ