Neurocognitive basis of model-based decision making and its metacontrol in childhood.
Neurocognitive basis of model-based decision making and its metacontrol in childhood.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101269
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发表时间：
2023-08
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Steinbeis, N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smid, C. R.;Ganesan, K.;Thompson, A.;Canigueral, R.;Veselic, S.;Royer, J.;Kool, W.;Hauser, T. U.;Bernhardt, B.;Steinbeis, N.
人类行为由目标导向（基于模型）和习惯性（无模型）决策支持，每种决策的灵活性，准确性和计算成本都不同。习惯系统和目标导向系统之间的仲裁被认为是由一个被称为元控制的过程来调节的。然而，这些系统如何出现和发展仍然知之甚少。最近，我们发现，虽然5至11岁的儿童表现出基于模型的决策的强大签名，这在这个发展时期增加，元控制的显示有很大的个体差异。在这里，我们检查的神经认知基础的模型为基础的决策和元控制在童年和集中在执行功能，流体推理和大脑结构的调查。共有69名6-13岁的参与者完成了两步决策任务和广泛的行为测试电池。44名参与者的子集也完成了结构磁共振成像扫描。我们发现，元控制的个体差异与抑制任务的表现和背外侧前额叶，颞叶和上顶叶皮质厚度的个体差异特别相关。这些大脑区域可能反映了对元控制至关重要的认知过程的参与，例如认知控制和上下文处理。
Human behavior is supported by both goal-directed (model-based) and habitual (model-free) decision-making, each differing in its flexibility, accuracy, and computational cost. The arbitration between habitual and goal-directed systems is thought to be regulated by a process known as metacontrol. However, how these systems emerge and develop remains poorly understood. Recently, we found that while children between 5 and 11 years displayed robust signatures of model-based decision-making, which increased during this developmental period, there were substantial individual differences in the display of metacontrol. Here, we inspect the neurocognitive basis of model-based decision-making and metacontrol in childhood and focus this investigation on executive functions, fluid reasoning, and brain structure. A total of 69 participants between the ages of 6–13 completed a two-step decision-making task and an extensive behavioral test battery. A subset of 44 participants also completed a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan. We find that individual differences in metacontrol are specifically associated with performance on an inhibition task and individual differences in thickness of dorsolateral prefrontal, temporal, and superior-parietal cortices. These brain regions likely reflect the involvement of cognitive processes crucial to metacontrol, such as cognitive control and contextual processing.
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