Concepts, control, and context: A connectionist account of normal and disordered semantic cognition.
Concepts, control, and context: A connectionist account of normal and disordered semantic cognition.
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DOI：
10.1037/rev0000094
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发表时间：
2018-04
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Lambon Ralph MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoffman P;McClelland JL;Lambon Ralph MA
语义认知需要由语言和非语言经验形成的概念表征，以及调节知识激活以满足当前情景需求的执行控制过程。一个完整的模型还必须考虑到具体和抽象单词的表示，分类和联想关系的表示，以及语境在塑造意义中的作用。我们提出了在一个统一的、实施的计算框架内吸收所有这些元素的第一次重大尝试。我们的模型结合了轴辐式体系结构和缓冲区，允许其状态受先前上下文的影响。这种混合结构融合了认知神经科学的观点，即概念建立在感觉-运动表征的基础上，以及计算语言学的观点，即知识是由词汇共现的模式塑造的。该模型成功地对单个表示空间内的抽象和具体单词、联想和分类关系以及同音异义词的多重含义进行了知识编码。抽象词的知识是通过(A)它们与其他词共现的模式和(B)后天体现获得的，由此它们与共现的具体词的知觉特征间接地联系在一起。该模型通过包括一种受控检索机制来解释执行对语义的影响，该机制提供自上而下的输入以放大弱语义关系。模型的表征元素和控制元素可以独立受损，这种损伤的后果与神经心理学患者的影响密切相关，失去了语义表征，而不是控制过程。因此，该模型对正常和受损的语义认知提供了一个广泛的和神经上可信的解释。
Semantic cognition requires conceptual representations shaped by verbal and nonverbal experience and executive control processes that regulate activation of knowledge to meet current situational demands. A complete model must also account for the representation of concrete and abstract words, of taxonomic and associative relationships, and for the role of context in shaping meaning. We present the first major attempt to assimilate all of these elements within a unified, implemented computational framework. Our model combines a hub-and-spoke architecture with a buffer that allows its state to be influenced by prior context. This hybrid structure integrates the view, from cognitive neuroscience, that concepts are grounded in sensory-motor representation with the view, from computational linguistics, that knowledge is shaped by patterns of lexical co-occurrence. The model successfully codes knowledge for abstract and concrete words, associative and taxonomic relationships, and the multiple meanings of homonyms, within a single representational space. Knowledge of abstract words is acquired through (a) their patterns of co-occurrence with other words and (b) acquired embodiment, whereby they become indirectly associated with the perceptual features of co-occurring concrete words. The model accounts for executive influences on semantics by including a controlled retrieval mechanism that provides top-down input to amplify weak semantic relationships. The representational and control elements of the model can be damaged independently, and the consequences of such damage closely replicate effects seen in neuropsychological patients with loss of semantic representation versus control processes. Thus, the model provides a wide-ranging and neurally plausible account of normal and impaired semantic cognition.
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DOI：
10.1080/027249800410535
发表时间：
2000-08-01
期刊：
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION A-HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Alario, FX;Segui, J;Ferrand, L
通讯作者：
Ferrand, L
影响因子：
29.9
作者：
Chen, Lang;Ralph, Matthew A. Lambon;Rogers, Timothy T.
通讯作者：
Rogers, Timothy T.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Binder, Jeffrey R.
通讯作者：
Binder, Jeffrey R.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Binney, Richard J.;Parker, Geoffrey J. M.;Ralph, Matthew A. Lambon
通讯作者：
Ralph, Matthew A. Lambon
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Chen, Yuanyuan;Davis, Matthew H.;Hauk, Olaf
通讯作者：
Hauk, Olaf