How long does biomedical research take? Studying the time taken between biomedical and health research and its translation into products, policy, and practice.
How long does biomedical research take? Studying the time taken between biomedical and health research and its translation into products, policy, and practice.
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DOI：
10.1186/1478-4505-13-1
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Wooding S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanney SR;Castle-Clarke S;Grant J;Guthrie S;Henshall C;Mestre-Ferrandiz J;Pistollato M;Pollitt A;Sussex J;Wooding S
生物医学/健康研究与将其转化为健康改善之间所需的时间或“时滞”正受到越来越多的关注。缩短时间滞后应能提高这类研究的回报率。然而，衡量时间滞后的方法还不成熟，很少关注时间滞后在整个时间表中的位置。过程标记模型被认为是一个更好的方法，而不是目前对一系列日益复杂的翻译“差距”的关注。从这个模型开始，我们的目标是制定更好的方法来衡量和理解时间滞后，并制定方法来确定政策选择和为未来的研究提出建议。在回顾了关于时滞的文献和相关政策文件之后，我们开发了一种新的方法来进行时滞的案例研究。我们建立在过程标记模型的基础上，包括开发一个具有一系列重叠轨道的矩阵，以使我们能够在任何总体时间延迟内呈现和测量元素。我们确定了数量减少的关键标志物或校准点，并在七个案例研究中测试了我们的新方法，这些案例研究导致了心血管疾病和心理健康的干预。最后，我们分析了数据，以解决我们研究的主要目标。文献审查表明，在衡量时间滞后的起点上缺乏一致意见。我们将政策文件中的要点映射到我们的矩阵中，从而突出了关键的关注领域，例如在新疗法广泛使用之前的延迟。我们完成的七个案例研究表明，我们在开发测量和理解时滞的方法方面取得了相当大的进展。研究和执行过程中活动重叠轨道的矩阵有助于分析沿着每个轨道以及下一个轨道开始的交叉点的时间滞后。我们通过公司、研究人员、资助者、政策制定者和监管机构的行动，确定了一些加快转化的因素。关于进一步工作的建议是建立在所取得的进展、所查明的局限性和经修订的术语的基础上的。我们的进展确定了复杂性，为沿着和轨道之间的进一步方法工作提供了坚实的基础，并开始指出减少滞后的潜在途径。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/1478-4505-13-1）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
The time taken, or ‘time lags’, between biomedical/health research and its translation into health improvements is receiving growing attention. Reducing time lags should increase rates of return to such research. However, ways to measure time lags are under-developed, with little attention on where time lags arise within overall timelines. The process marker model has been proposed as a better way forward than the current focus on an increasingly complex series of translation ‘gaps’. Starting from that model, we aimed to develop better methods to measure and understand time lags and develop ways to identify policy options and produce recommendations for future studies. Following reviews of the literature on time lags and of relevant policy documents, we developed a new approach to conduct case studies of time lags. We built on the process marker model, including developing a matrix with a series of overlapping tracks to allow us to present and measure elements within any overall time lag. We identified a reduced number of key markers or calibration points and tested our new approach in seven case studies of research leading to interventions in cardiovascular disease and mental health. Finally, we analysed the data to address our study’s key aims. The literature review illustrated the lack of agreement on starting points for measuring time lags. We mapped points from policy documents onto our matrix and thus highlighted key areas of concern, for example around delays before new therapies become widely available. Our seven completed case studies demonstrate we have made considerable progress in developing methods to measure and understand time lags. The matrix of overlapping tracks of activity in the research and implementation processes facilitated analysis of time lags along each track, and at the cross-over points where the next track started. We identified some factors that speed up translation through the actions of companies, researchers, funders, policymakers, and regulators. Recommendations for further work are built on progress made, limitations identified and revised terminology. Our advances identify complexities, provide a firm basis for further methodological work along and between tracks, and begin to indicate potential ways of reducing lags. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1478-4505-13-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Hanney, Stephen R.;Watt, Amanda;Metcalf, Leanne
通讯作者：
Metcalf, Leanne
影响因子：
2
作者：
Baumbusch, Jennifer L.;Kirkham, Sheryl Reimer;Anderson, Joan M.
通讯作者：
Anderson, Joan M.
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
Adams, CP;Brantner, VV
通讯作者：
Brantner, VV
影响因子：
17.3
作者：
Morris ZS;Wooding S;Grant J
通讯作者：
Grant J
影响因子：
105.7
作者：
Davis, D;Evans, M;Zwarenstein, M
通讯作者：
Zwarenstein, M