Individual differences shape the content of visual representations

Individual differences shape the content of visual representations
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个体差异塑造视觉表征的内容

DOI:
10.1016/j.visres.2016.08.008
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Reeder
Reeder
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Reeder

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视觉感知刺激会激活大脑中该项目的图形表征,但是在没有视觉刺激的情况下,刺激的图形表征如何?在这里,我通过回顾有关视觉表象(VI)、视觉工作记忆(VWM)和视觉准备模板的文献来解决这个问题,所有这些都需要在没有感官刺激的情况下激活视觉信息。这些过程历来都是单独研究的,但我建议它们可以为其内容的图像性质提供补充证据。研究视觉表征内容的一个主要挑战是关于外部和内部来源的视觉表征之间的重叠程度(皮质和行为)的差异发现。我认为,这些差异在很大程度上可能是由于视觉视觉的生动性和精确性、执行任务所需的具体代表能力、视觉准备策略的适当性、视觉皮层解剖结构以及特定物体类别的专业水平等方面的个体差异造成的。视觉代表能力的个体差异极大地影响任务表现,并可能影响侵入性视觉体验和幻觉等体验的可能性,但研究仍然主要集中在个体视觉体验的一致性上。在本文中,我回顾了 VI、VWM 和准备模板激活的视觉表示的图像内容的证据,并强调了在开展该主题研究时考虑各种个体差异的重要性。
Visually perceiving a stimulus activates a pictorial representation of that item in the brain, but how pictorial is the representation of a stimulus in the absence of visual stimulation? Here I address this question with a review of the literatures on visual imagery (VI), visual working memory (VWM), and visual preparatory templates, all of which require activating visual information in the absence of sensory stimulation. These processes have historically been studied separately, but I propose that they can provide complimentary evidence for the pictorial nature of their contents. One major challenge in studying the contents of visual representations is the discrepant findings concerning the extent of overlap (both cortical and behavioral) between externally and internally sourced visual representations. I argue that these discrepancies may in large part be due to individual differences in VI vividness and precision, the specific representative abilities required to perform a task, appropriateness of visual preparatory strategies, visual cortex anatomy, and level of expertise with a particular object category. Individual differences in visual representative abilities greatly impact task performance and may influence the likelihood of experiences such as intrusive VI and hallucinations, but research still predominantly focuses on uniformities in visual experience across individuals. In this paper I review the evidence for the pictorial content of visual representations activated for VI, VWM, and preparatory templates, and highlight the importance of accounting for various individual differences in conducting research on this topic.
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