β-Catenin is essential for patterning the maternally specified animal-vegetal axis in the sea urchin embryo

β-Catenin is essential for patterning the maternally specified animal-vegetal axis in the sea urchin embryo
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β-连环蛋白对于海胆胚胎中母体特定的动植物轴模式至关重要

DOI:
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发表时间:
1998
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
W. Klein
W. Klein
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
--
作者:
A. Wikramanayake;Ling Huang;W. Klein

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在海胆胚胎中,动物-植物轴在卵子发生过程中被指定。受精后,该轴的图案会在 60 细胞阶段产生五个不同的区域。领域规范被认为是通过信号转导级联发生的,该信号转导级联是由位于植物极的大微团启动的。在海胆胚胎中介导沿着动植物轴的规范事件的分子机制在很大程度上是未知的。核β-连环蛋白存在于早期胚胎的植物细胞中,表明这种蛋白质在指定植物细胞的命运中发挥着作用。在这里,我们测试了这一假设,并表明 β-连环蛋白对于植物板规范是必需的,并且对于内胚层的形成也足够。此外,我们还发现,β-连环蛋白对动物卵裂球具有显着影响,并且对于动物外胚层的规范和外胚层模式至关重要,可能是通过非细胞自主机制实现的。这些结果支持了一个模型,其中植物细胞释放的类 Wnt 信号沿着动植物轴形成早期胚胎的模式。我们的结果还揭示了海胆动植物轴和脊椎动物背腹轴之间的相似性,表明这些轴具有共同的进化起源。
In sea urchin embryos, the animal-vegetal axis is specified during oogenesis. After fertilization, this axis is patterned to produce five distinct territories by the 60-cell stage. Territorial specification is thought to occur by a signal transduction cascade that is initiated by the large micromeres located at the vegetal pole. The molecular mechanisms that mediate the specification events along the animal–vegetal axis in sea urchin embryos are largely unknown. Nuclear β-catenin is seen in vegetal cells of the early embryo, suggesting that this protein plays a role in specifying vegetal cell fates. Here, we test this hypothesis and show that β-catenin is necessary for vegetal plate specification and is also sufficient for endoderm formation. In addition, we show that β-catenin has pronounced effects on animal blastomeres and is critical for specification of aboral ectoderm and for ectoderm patterning, presumably via a noncell-autonomous mechanism. These results support a model in which a Wnt-like signal released by vegetal cells patterns the early embryo along the animal–vegetal axis. Our results also reveal similarities between the sea urchin animal–vegetal axis and the vertebrate dorsal–ventral axis, suggesting that these axes share a common evolutionary origin.
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