Climate system response to stratospheric sulfate aerosols: sensitivity to altitude of aerosol layer
Climate system response to stratospheric sulfate aerosols: sensitivity to altitude of aerosol layer
复制标题
气候系统对平流层硫酸盐气溶胶的响应：对气溶胶层高度的敏感性
作者：
K. Krishnamohan;G. Bala;Long Cao;Lei Duan;K. Caldeira
抽象。通过注入硫酸盐气溶胶降低地球表面温度
在平流层中，人们建议将其作为一种选择，
人为造成的气候变暖。之前的几项研究表明，
规定的注射量，气溶胶注射在较高的海拔高度，
平流层会产生更多的冷却，因为气溶胶沉降会
花更长的时间。在这项研究中，我们分离和评估的敏感性
平流层气溶胶辐射强迫及其导致的气候变化，
气溶胶层的高度。我们通过规定一个特定的
硫酸盐气溶胶的数量，其尺寸与产生的典型尺寸相同
火山，均匀分布在平流层的不同高度。我们
发现平流层硫酸盐气溶胶在冷却方面更有效，
当它们居住在平流层较高的地方时，我们解释一下
在有效辐射强迫方面的敏感性：火山气溶胶热
它们所在的平流层改变了平流层的水
水汽含量、对流层稳定性和云层，
有效辐射强迫我们表明，有效的
当在较高海拔处规定气溶胶时，辐射强迫较大
由于快速调整过程造成的辐射强迫差异，
占相当大的一部分，冷却量的依赖，
气溶胶高度这些海拔效应将是附加的依赖性
气溶胶微观物理学，运输和沉积，这是外面的
本研究的范围。平流层硫酸盐的冷却效果
气溶胶可能随着气溶胶层的高度而增加，
平流层较高的气溶胶有较大的有效辐射强迫
也因为它们在平流层的停留时间更长，这两个效应
可能具有相当的重要性。
Abstract. Reduction of surface temperatures of the planet by injecting sulfate aerosols
in the stratosphere has been suggested as an option to reduce the amount of
human-induced climate warming. Several previous studies have shown that for a
specified amount of injection, aerosols injected at a higher altitude in the
stratosphere would produce more cooling because aerosol sedimentation would
take longer. In this study, we isolate and assess the sensitivity of
stratospheric aerosol radiative forcing and the resulting climate change to
the altitude of the aerosol layer. We study this by prescribing a specified
amount of sulfate aerosols, of a size typical of what is produced by
volcanoes, distributed uniformly at different levels in the stratosphere. We
find that stratospheric sulfate aerosols are more effective in cooling
climate when they reside higher in the stratosphere. We explain this
sensitivity in terms of effective radiative forcing: volcanic aerosols heat
the stratospheric layers where they reside, altering stratospheric water
vapor content, tropospheric stability, and clouds, and consequently the
effective radiative forcing. We show that the magnitude of the effective
radiative forcing is larger when aerosols are prescribed at higher altitudes
and the differences in radiative forcing due to fast adjustment processes can
account for a substantial part of the dependence of the amount of cooling on
aerosol altitude. These altitude effects would be additional to dependences
on aerosol microphysics, transport, and sedimentation, which are outside the
scope of this study. The cooling effectiveness of stratospheric sulfate
aerosols likely increases with the altitude of the aerosol layer both because
aerosols higher in the stratosphere have larger effective radiative forcing
and because they have higher stratospheric residence time; these two effects
are likely to be of comparable importance.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
U. Niemeier;C. Timmreck
通讯作者：
U. Niemeier;C. Timmreck
通过硫酸盐气溶胶的辐射加热改变平流层的传输过程
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Niemeier;Ulrike;Hauke Schmidt
通讯作者：
Hauke Schmidt
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Kravitz, Ben;Caldeira, Ken;Yoon, Jin-Ho
通讯作者：
Yoon, Jin-Ho