Characterization of SARS2 Nsp15 nuclease activity reveals it's mad about U.

Characterization of SARS2 Nsp15 nuclease activity reveals it's mad about U.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkab719
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发表时间:
2021-09-27
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Stanley RE
Stanley RE
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Frazier MN;Dillard LB;Krahn JM;Perera L;Williams JG;Wilson IM;Stewart ZD;Pillon MC;Deterding LJ;Borgnia MJ;Stanley RE

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Nsp 15是一种尿苷特异性核糖核酸内切酶,冠状病毒利用它切割病毒RNA并逃避宿主免疫防御系统。冠状病毒科Nsp 15的先前结构表明,Nsp 15组装成同源六聚体,并具有类似于RNase A的保守活性位点。除了切割尿苷的RNA 3′的偏好外,Nsp 15是否具有任何其他底物偏好尚不清楚。在这里,我们使用cryo-EM来捕获在切割前和切割后状态下与RNA结合的Nsp 15的结构。结构沿着分子动力学和生物化学分析揭示了参与底物特异性、核酸酶活性和寡聚化的关键残基。此外,我们确定了RNA底物的序列如何决定切割,并发现在polyU束之外,Nsp 15对切割的尿苷的嘌呤3′具有强烈的偏好。这项工作推进了我们对Nsp 15如何识别和处理病毒RNA的理解,并将有助于开发新的抗病毒疗法。
Nsp15 is a uridine specific endoribonuclease that coronaviruses employ to cleave viral RNA and evade host immune defense systems. Previous structures of Nsp15 from across Coronaviridae revealed that Nsp15 assembles into a homo-hexamer and has a conserved active site similar to RNase A. Beyond a preference for cleaving RNA 3′ of uridines, it is unknown if Nsp15 has any additional substrate preferences. Here, we used cryo-EM to capture structures of Nsp15 bound to RNA in pre- and post-cleavage states. The structures along with molecular dynamics and biochemical assays revealed critical residues involved in substrate specificity, nuclease activity, and oligomerization. Moreover, we determined how the sequence of the RNA substrate dictates cleavage and found that outside of polyU tracts, Nsp15 has a strong preference for purines 3′ of the cleaved uridine. This work advances our understanding of how Nsp15 recognizes and processes viral RNA, and will aid in the development of new anti-viral therapeutics.
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