Voltage-gated proton channels: molecular biology, physiology, and pathophysiology of the H(V) family.
Voltage-gated proton channels: molecular biology, physiology, and pathophysiology of the H(V) family.
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DOI：
10.1152/physrev.00011.2012
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
33.6
通讯作者：
DeCoursey TE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeCoursey TE
电压门控质子通道（HV）是独特的，部分原因是它们传导的离子是独特的。HV通道对质子具有完美的选择性，并且具有非常小的单位电导，这两者都可以证明生理溶液中极低H+浓度的表现。它们随着膜去极化而打开，但它们的电压依赖性受到跨膜pH梯度（ΔpH）的强烈调节，结果是在大多数物种中，它们通常只传导外向电流。HV通道蛋白与电压门控K+和Na+通道的电压敏感结构域（VSD，前四个跨膜段）惊人地相似。在高等物种中，HV通道以二聚体形式存在，其中每个原聚体都有自己的传导途径，但门控是合作的。HV通道在遗传学上是多样的，从人类到单细胞海洋生物，甚至可能是植物都有分布。相应地，HV的功能也有很大的不同，从促进颗石藻的钙化和触发腰鞭毛虫的生物发光闪光，到促进杀死细菌、气道pH调节、嗜碱性粒细胞组胺释放、精子成熟和人类的B淋巴细胞反应。最近的证据表明，hHV 1可能会加剧乳腺癌转移和缺血性中风的脑损伤突出了hHV 1的临床重要性的迅速扩大的认识。
Voltage-gated proton channels (HV) are unique, in part because the ion they conduct is unique. HV channels are perfectly selective for protons and have a very small unitary conductance, both arguably manifestations of the extremely low H+ concentration in physiological solutions. They open with membrane depolarization, but their voltage dependence is strongly regulated by the pH gradient across the membrane (ΔpH), with the result that in most species they normally conduct only outward current. The HV channel protein is strikingly similar to the voltage-sensing domain (VSD, the first four membrane-spanning segments) of voltage-gated K+ and Na+ channels. In higher species, HV channels exist as dimers in which each protomer has its own conduction pathway, yet gating is cooperative. HV channels are phylogenetically diverse, distributed from humans to unicellular marine life, and perhaps even plants. Correspondingly, HV functions vary widely as well, from promoting calcification in coccolithophores and triggering bioluminescent flashes in dinoflagellates to facilitating killing bacteria, airway pH regulation, basophil histamine release, sperm maturation, and B lymphocyte responses in humans. Recent evidence that hHV1 may exacerbate breast cancer metastasis and cerebral damage from ischemic stroke highlights the rapidly expanding recognition of the clinical importance of hHV1.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Aggarwal, SK;MacKinnon, R
通讯作者：
MacKinnon, R
影响因子：
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作者：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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