FIT2 is an acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase crucial for endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis.

FIT2 is an acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase crucial for endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.202006111
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发表时间:
2020-10-05
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Farese RV Jr
Farese RV Jr
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Becuwe M;Bond LM;Pinto AFM;Boland S;Mejhert N;Elliott SD;Cicconet M;Graham MM;Liu XN;Ilkayeva O;Saghatelian A;Walther TC;Farese RV Jr

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FIT 2是ER脂质代谢和脂滴形成的重要蛋白质,但其功能仍然是个谜。Becuwe等人表明,FIT 2是一种酰基辅酶A二磷酸酶,这种活性对ER稳态和细胞脂质储存至关重要。内质网是脂质代谢的细胞枢纽,协调脂质合成与代谢通量的持续变化。尽管有这些波动,但维持ER脂质稳态对细胞功能和活力至关重要。在这里,我们确定了一种新的机制,是至关重要的正常ER脂质代谢和保护ER功能障碍。我们鉴定了进化上保守的ER蛋白FIT 2作为脂肪酰基辅酶A(CoA)二磷酸酶的分子功能,其水解脂肪酰基CoA以产生酰基4′-磷酸泛酰巯基乙胺。预计在ER腔中具有活性的FIT 2的这种活性在酵母和哺乳动物细胞中是维持ER结构、保护免受ER应激和使脂质能够在脂滴中正常储存所必需的。因此,我们的研究结果解决了FIT 2分子功能的长期谜团,并强调维持最佳脂肪酰辅酶A水平是ER稳态的关键。
FIT2 is a protein important for ER lipid metabolism and lipid droplet formation, but its function has remained mysterious. Becuwe et al. show that FIT2 is an acyl coenzyme A diphosphatase, and this activity is crucial for ER homeostasis and cellular lipid storage. The endoplasmic reticulum is a cellular hub of lipid metabolism, coordinating lipid synthesis with continuous changes in metabolic flux. Maintaining ER lipid homeostasis despite these fluctuations is crucial to cell function and viability. Here, we identify a novel mechanism that is crucial for normal ER lipid metabolism and protects the ER from dysfunction. We identify the molecular function of the evolutionarily conserved ER protein FIT2 as a fatty acyl–coenzyme A (CoA) diphosphatase that hydrolyzes fatty acyl–CoA to yield acyl 4′-phosphopantetheine. This activity of FIT2, which is predicted to be active in the ER lumen, is required in yeast and mammalian cells for maintaining ER structure, protecting against ER stress, and enabling normal lipid storage in lipid droplets. Our findings thus solve the long-standing mystery of the molecular function of FIT2 and highlight the maintenance of optimal fatty acyl–CoA levels as key to ER homeostasis.
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