The role of pathological tau in synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's diseases.

The role of pathological tau in synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's diseases.
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病理性 tau 在阿尔茨海默病突触功能障碍中的作用

DOI:
10.1186/s40035-021-00270-1
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发表时间:
2021-11-10
影响因子:
12.6
通讯作者:
Liu D
Liu D
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wu M;Zhang M;Yin X;Chen K;Hu Z;Zhou Q;Cao X;Chen Z;Liu D

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阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种以进行性认知功能减退为特征的神经退行性疾病,伴有脑内β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)超负荷和过度磷酸化tau蛋白积聚。突触功能障碍是AD的重要病理标志,是导致认知功能障碍的主要原因。越来越多的证据表明,突触功能障碍可能是AD的早期病理事件。病理性tau蛋白从轴突微管上脱落并错误定位到突触前和突触后神经元区室中,被认为以几种方式诱导突触功能障碍,包括减少突触前囊泡的移动性和释放,减少突触能受体,损害突触后末端树突棘的成熟,破坏突触中的线粒体运输和功能,以及促进小胶质细胞对突触的吞噬作用。在这里,我们回顾了目前对病理性tau蛋白如何介导突触功能障碍并导致AD认知功能下降的理解。我们认为,阐明病理性tau蛋白损害突触功能的机制对于探索AD的新治疗策略至关重要。
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline, accompanied by amyloid-β (Aβ) overload and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation in the brain. Synaptic dysfunction, an important pathological hallmark in AD, is recognized as the main cause of the cognitive impairments. Accumulating evidence suggests that synaptic dysfunction could be an early pathological event in AD. Pathological tau, which is detached from axonal microtubules and mislocalized into pre- and postsynaptic neuronal compartments, is suggested to induce synaptic dysfunction in several ways, including reducing mobility and release of presynaptic vesicles, decreasing glutamatergic receptors, impairing the maturation of dendritic spines at postsynaptic terminals, disrupting mitochondrial transport and function in synapses, and promoting the phagocytosis of synapses by microglia. Here, we review the current understanding of how pathological tau mediates synaptic dysfunction and contributes to cognitive decline in AD. We propose that elucidating the mechanism by which pathological tau impairs synaptic function is essential for exploring novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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发表时间: 2008-04-01
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