Catching a Liar Through Facial Expression of Fear.
Catching a Liar Through Facial Expression of Fear.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.675097
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Chen Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shen X;Fan G;Niu C;Chen Z
无论说真话还是撒谎，高风险都会带来压力。然而，说谎者会因为担心被发现而感到比说真话的人更加恐惧，而且根据“泄漏理论”，这种恐惧几乎不可能被压抑。因此，我们假设分析恐惧的面部表情可以揭示谎言。对于外行人来说，检测和分析微妙的恐惧面部表情是一项具有挑战性的任务。然而，对于计算机视觉和机器学习来说，这是一项相对容易的工作。为了检验这一假设，我们使用 OpenFace（用于输出恐惧和面部标志的动作单元 (AU)）和 WEKA（用于对玩家撒谎或说真话的视频片段进行分类）分析了游戏节目“真理时刻”的视频片段。结果表明，一些算法仅使用恐惧 AU 的准确率就达到了 80% 以上。此外，在说谎条件下AU20的恐惧总持续时间比说真话条件下的要短。进一步分析发现，说谎状态下持续时间较短的原因是说谎状态下AU20从峰值到偏移的时间窗口小于说真话状态下的时间窗口。研究结果还表明，当人们说谎时，眼睛周围的面部运动更加不对称。所有结果都表明，面部线索可以用来检测欺骗，而恐惧可以作为区分说谎者和说真话者的线索。
High stakes can be stressful whether one is telling the truth or lying. However, liars can feel extra fear from worrying to be discovered than truth-tellers, and according to the “leakage theory,” the fear is almost impossible to be repressed. Therefore, we assumed that analyzing the facial expression of fear could reveal deceits. Detecting and analyzing the subtle leaked fear facial expressions is a challenging task for laypeople. It is, however, a relatively easy job for computer vision and machine learning. To test the hypothesis, we analyzed video clips from a game show “The moment of truth” by using OpenFace (for outputting the Action Units (AUs) of fear and face landmarks) and WEKA (for classifying the video clips in which the players were lying or telling the truth). The results showed that some algorithms achieved an accuracy of >80% merely using AUs of fear. Besides, the total duration of AU20 of fear was found to be shorter under the lying condition than that from the truth-telling condition. Further analysis found that the reason for a shorter duration in the lying condition was that the time window from peak to offset of AU20 under the lying condition was less than that under the truth-telling condition. The results also showed that facial movements around the eyes were more asymmetrical when people are telling lies. All the results suggested that facial clues can be used to detect deception, and fear could be a cue for distinguishing liars from truth-tellers.
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