Modelling potential range expansion of an underutilised food security crop in Sub-Saharan Africa

Modelling potential range expansion of an underutilised food security crop in Sub-Saharan Africa
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对撒哈拉以南非洲未充分利用的粮食安全作物的潜在范围扩展进行建模

DOI:
10.1101/2021.09.15.460440
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
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影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Koch O
Koch O
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作者:
Koch O

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尽管全球农业生产大幅增长,但撒哈拉以南非洲的粮食和营养不安全状况正在加剧。鉴定具有有用的粮食安全特性的未充分利用的本地作物可能提供部分解决办法。Enset (Ensete osum)是一种多年生香蕉亲戚,种植仅限于埃塞俄比亚西南部,那里的高生产力和收获灵活性使其能够为约2000万人提供淀粉主食。广泛的野生分布表明,更大的地区可能在气候上适合种植。在这里,我们使用集合生态位模型来预测南部和东部非洲嵌套种植的潜在范围。我们发现,当代的生物气候适宜性可以扩大12倍,相当于该地区21.9%的农作物用地和28.4%的人口。整合具有更广泛气候耐受性的作物野生相对多样性,可以使其扩大19倍,特别是在干旱和温暖地区。虽然到2070年,气候变化可能导致潜在范围减少37%-52%,但埃塞俄比亚高地、维多利亚湖地区和德拉肯斯堡山脉仍然是大型适宜中心。我们将生物气候评估与社会经济数据相结合,以确定人口密度高、季节性粮食短缺和以小规模自给农业为主的优先地区,在这些地区,整合enset可能特别可行,并提供气候适应能力。考虑到野生种群的遗传潜力,enset种植可能对另外872 - 1.115亿人是可行的,其中2770 - 33万人在埃塞俄比亚,不在enset目前的种植范围内。最后,我们考虑了为什么在历史上没有扩大种植的解释,以及扩大以前未充分利用的物种的伦理影响。
Despite substantial growth in global agricultural production, food and nutritional insecurity is rising in Sub-Saharan Africa. Identification of underutilised indigenous crops with useful food security traits may provide part of the solution. Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a perennial banana relative with cultivation restricted to southwestern Ethiopia, where high productivity and harvest flexibility enables it to provide a starch staple for∼ 20 million people. An extensive wild distribution suggests that a much larger region may be climatically suitable for cultivation. Here we use ensemble ecological niche modelling to predict the potential range for enset cultivation within southern and eastern Africa. We find contemporary bioclimatic suitability for a 12-fold range expansion, equating to 21.9% of crop land and 28.4% of the population in the region. Integration of crop wild relative diversity, which has broader climate tolerance, could enable a 19-fold expansion, particularly to dryer and warmer regions. Whilst climate change may cause a 37%–52% reduction in potential range by 2070, large centres of suitability remain in the Ethiopian Highlands, Lake Victoria region and the Drakensberg Range. We combine our bioclimatic assessment with socioeconomic data to identify priority areas with high population density, seasonal food deficits and predominantly small-scale subsistence agriculture, where integrating enset may be particularly feasible and deliver climate resilience. When incorporating the genetic potential of wild populations, enset cultivation might prove feasible for an additional 87.2–111.5 million people, 27.7–33 million of which are in Ethiopia outside of enset's current cultivation range. Finally, we consider explanations why enset cultivation has not expanded historically, and ethical implications of expanding previously underutilised species.
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