Reconciling theories of a mechanically driven meridional overturning circulation with thermohaline forcing and multiple equilibria

Reconciling theories of a mechanically driven meridional overturning circulation with thermohaline forcing and multiple equilibria
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机械驱动经向翻转环流与温盐强迫和多重平衡理论的协调

DOI:
10.1007/s00382-007-0262-9
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发表时间:
2007
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Johnson H
Johnson H
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Johnson H

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最近有人提出,全球海洋中纬向翻转环流的结构和强度取决于风和潮汐对系统的机械能输入。然而,目前尚不清楚这一建议如何涉及到存在的多重平衡的纬向翻转环流,这取决于温盐反馈,更符合浮力驱动的观点的流通。这两种理论在过去都已经通过盒子模型来说明(Stommel in Tellus 13:224-230,1961; Gnanadesikan in Science 283:2077-2079,1999)。在这里,我们把这两个理论到一个单一的盒子模式,试图协调的作用,机械和浮力迫使驱动的纬向翻转环流。箱形模型有两个平衡解,一个在北方高纬度地区(如现在的大西洋)有下沉,另一个没有。环流是机械驱动的,但北方下沉可以被认为是一个释放阀,当北方高纬度地区的地表水密度足以对流时,它就充当了势能的汇。虽然能量来源于机械强迫,但多重平衡的存在与否因此取决于温盐反馈。在参数空间的某些区域,模型的两个环流制度之间的振荡发生,让人想起一个双极跷跷板。
It has recently been suggested that the structure and strength of the meridional overturning circulation in the global ocean is governed by the input of mechanical energy to the system by winds and tides. However, it is not clear how this suggestion relates to the existence of multiple equilibria of the meridional overturning circulation, which depends on thermohaline feedbacks and is more consistent with a buoyancy-driven view of the circulation. Both theories have been illustrated by box models in the past (Stommel in Tellus 13:224–230, 1961; Gnanadesikan in Science 283:2077–2079, 1999). Here we incorporate these two theories into a single box model in an attempt to reconcile the roles of mechanical and buoyancy forcing in driving the meridional overturning circulation. The box model has two equilibrium solutions, one with sinking at high northern latitudes as in the present-day Atlantic, and one without. The circulation is mechanically driven, but the northern sinking can be thought of as a release valve which acts as a sink of potential energy when the surface water at high northern latitudes is dense enough to convect. While the source of energy comes from mechanical forcing, the presence or otherwise of multiple equilibria is therefore determined by thermohaline feedbacks. In some areas of parameter space an oscillation between the model’s two circulation regimes occurs, reminiscent of a bipolar seesaw.
理想化的大西洋-南大洋几何形状中盆地范围内的经向翻转对底密扩散和远程风力强迫的敏感性
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