Perineuronal Net Dynamics in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy.

Perineuronal Net Dynamics in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy.
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DOI:
10.1177/15357597211018688
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发表时间:
2021-07
期刊:
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Sontheimer H
Sontheimer H
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chaunsali L;Tewari BP;Sontheimer H

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神经元周围网 (PNN) 是聚阴离子硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖、透明质酸和腱蛋白的浓缩细胞外基质 (ECM) 组件,主要包裹 GABA 能小清蛋白 (PV) 中间神经元。在发育过程中,PNN 的形成终止了神经可塑性的关键期,这一过程可以通过 PNN 的实验破坏来逆转。神经周围网还调节封闭的 PV 神经元的内在特性,从而维持其抑制活性。最近的研究表明 PNN 与中枢神经系统疾病以及 PV 神经元功能障碍有关。因此,它们进一步与抑制的改变有关,特别是在癫痫的发生过程中。由于蛋白酶活性升高,人类和啮齿动物模型中的多种癫痫发作表现出 ECM 重塑和 PNN 破坏。抑制 PNN 蛋白水解可降低癫痫发作活动,表明 PNN 降解酶可能是潜在的新型治疗靶点。
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are condensed extracellular matrix (ECM) assemblies of polyanionic chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and tenascins that primarily wrap around GABAergic parvalbumin (PV) interneurons. During development, PNN formation terminates the critical period of neuroplasticity, a process that can be reversed by experimental disruption of PNNs. Perineuronal nets also regulate the intrinsic properties of the enclosed PV neurons thereby maintaining their inhibitory activity. Recent studies have implicated PNNs in central nervous system diseases as well as PV neuron dysfunction; consequently, they have further been associated with altered inhibition, particularly in the genesis of epilepsy. A wide range of seizure presentations in human and rodent models exhibit ECM remodeling with PNN disruption due to elevated protease activity. Inhibition of PNN proteolysis reduces seizure activity suggesting that PNN degrading enzymes may be potential novel therapeutic targets.
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