Do economic effects of the anti-COVID-19 lockdowns in different regions interact through supply chains?

Do economic effects of the anti-COVID-19 lockdowns in different regions interact through supply chains?
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0255031
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Todo Y
Todo Y
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Inoue H;Murase Y;Todo Y

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为了防止新冠肺炎的传播,许多城市、州和国家都进行了“封锁”,限制了非必要部门的经济活动。这样的封锁已使大多数国家的产量大幅缩水。这项研究通过使用日本160万家公司的供应链数据模拟基于代理的生产模型,考察了不同地区封锁的经济影响如何通过供应链相互作用。供应链是生产企业的网络。我们进一步研究了复杂的网络结构如何影响封锁区域之间的相互作用,通过将供应链流分解为潜在流和循环流组件,强调上游和环路的作用。我们发现,一个地区的上游程度、环路的强度以及供应商在与其他地区的供应链中的可替代性在很大程度上决定了该地区封锁的经济效果。特别是,当一个地区解除封锁时,其经济复苏在很大程度上取决于它是单独解除封锁,还是与通过供应链密切联系的另一个地区一起解除封锁。这些结果表明,一个地区的外生冲击所产生的经济效应可以影响到其他地区,因此,本研究提出需要进行地区间的政策协调,以减少因封锁而造成的经济损失。
To prevent the spread of COVID-19, many cities, states, and countries have ‘locked down’, restricting economic activities in non-essential sectors. Such lockdowns have substantially shrunk production in most countries. This study examines how the economic effects of lockdowns in different regions interact through supply chains, which are a network of firms for production, by simulating an agent-based model of production using supply-chain data for 1.6 million firms in Japan. We further investigate how the complex network structure affects the interactions between lockdown regions, emphasising the role of upstreamness and loops by decomposing supply-chain flows into potential and circular flow components. We find that a region’s upstreamness, intensity of loops, and supplier substitutability in supply chains with other regions largely determine the economic effect of the lockdown in the region. In particular, when a region lifts its lockdown, its economic recovery substantially varies depending on whether it lifts the lockdown alone or together with another region closely linked through supply chains. These results indicate that the economic effect produced by exogenous shocks in a region can affect other regions and therefore this study proposes the need for inter-region policy coordination to reduce economic loss due to lockdowns.
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