Toward a mechanism‐based classification of evolutionary radiations
Toward a mechanism‐based classification of evolutionary radiations
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走向基于机制的进化辐射分类
DOI：
10.1002/1438-390x.12101
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Kagawa Kotaro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Minowa;E. Podolskiy and S. Sugiyama;Miyu Suzuki;坂口奈央;Kagawa Kotaro
适应辐射是研究生物分类学和生态学多样性进化的重要模式系统。虽然适应性辐射有许多定义（Givnish，1997; Olson & Arroyo-Santos，2009），但最常用的定义可能是Schluter（2000）的定义：“适应性辐射是快速繁殖谱系中生态和表型多样性的进化。适应性辐射被认为是当一个谱系通过占据新的生态位来利用生态机会（即许多未被占据的生态位的可用性）时发生的（Losos，2010; Schluter，2000; Simpson，1953）。生态自然选择通过驱动生态物种形成和生态特征置换在这一过程中发挥了关键作用。在过去的几十年里，对许多适应性辐射的例子的审查，一方面，加强了对这种观点的支持，称为适应性辐射的生态理论（Schluter，2000）。另一方面，对进化辐射的机制和进化史的深入理解使人们越来越认识到：（a）适应性辐射可能涉及一些可辨别的亚型;（B）还有其他几种类型的进化辐射，它们与适应性辐射相似，但不相同。然而，不同类型的进化辐射之间的分离往往是模糊的。也许正因为如此，进化辐射并没有被广泛接受的分类。即使是适应性辐射，最广泛研究的进化辐射类型，也没有一个共识的定义，这一直是该领域的一个主要问题（奥尔森和阿罗约-桑托斯，2009）。针对这一问题，Matsubayashi和Yamaguchi（2022）在本期中提出了适应性辐射的新定义。与以往大多数基于生态学、表型和系统发育模式的适应辐射定义和标准不同，Matsubayashi and Yamaguchi（2022）的定义基于进化辐射中的物种形成模式。在本文中，我讨论了四个主题的观点，定义自适应辐射和其他类型的进化辐射是等同于分类进化辐射。首先，我讨论了为什么我们需要对进化辐射进行分类，以及对进化辐射进行分类需要什么。从分类在促进科学研究中的功能角度出发，笔者认为进化辐射的分类应该与进化辐射背后的因果机制相联系。其次，我提供了一个简短的概述，以前公认的多样性的进化辐射。第三，我讨论了当前演化辐射分类中的问题。我认为，生态，表型和系统发育模式，大多数以前提出的方法来分类进化辐射的基础上，只有有限的能力来区分不同的机制驱动的进化辐射。最后，可能的方式来开发一个基于机制的分类的进化
Adaptive radiation has been an important model system to study evolution of taxonomic and ecological diversity of organisms. While adaptive radiation has many definitions (Givnish, 1997; Olson & Arroyo-Santos, 2009), perhaps the most frequently used one is Schluter's (2000) definition:“adaptive radiation is the evolution of ecological and phenotypic diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage.” Adaptive radiation is thought to occur when a lineage exploits an ecological opportunity (ie, availability of many unoccupied ecological niches) by occupying new ecological niches (Losos, 2010; Schluter, 2000; Simpson, 1953). Ecological natural selection plays key roles in this process by driving ecological speciation and ecological character displacement. Scrutiny of many instances of adaptive radiation in the last decades has, on the one hand, strengthened the support on this view, termed the ecological theory of adaptive radiation (Schluter, 2000). On the other hand, deepened understandings of mechanisms and biogeographic histories of instances of evolutionary radiation have led to a growing recognition that (a) adaptive radiation may involve some discernible subtypes and (b) there are several other types of evolutionary radiation that are similar to, but not the same as, adaptive radiation. However, separation between different types of evolutionary radiations is often vague. Perhaps as a reflection of this, there is no widely accepted classification of evolutionary radiations. Even adaptive radiation, the most widely studied type of evolutionary radiation, does not have a consensus definition and this has been a major concern in the field (Olson & Arroyo-Santos, 2009). Addressing this problem, Matsubayashi and Yamaguchi (2022) in this issue proposed a new definition of adaptive radiation. Different from most of previously proposed definitions and criteria of adaptive radiation that are based on ecological, phenotypic and phylogenetic patterns in the focal clade, the definition of Matsubayashi and Yamaguchi (2022) is based on the mode of speciation in evolutionary radiation. In the present paper, I discuss four topics from the viewpoint that defining adaptive radiation and other types of evolutionary radiations is equivalent to classifying evolutionary radiations. First, I discuss why we need to classify evolutionary radiations and what are required for classification of evolutionary radiations. From the perspective of functionality of classification in promoting scientific research, I propose that classification of evolutionary radiation should ideally be associated with causal mechanisms behind evolutionary radiations. Second, I provide a brief overview of the previously recognized diversity of evolutionary radiations. Third, I discuss about current issues in classification of evolutionary radiations. I argue that ecological, phenotypic and phylogenetic patterns, on which most of previously proposed methods to classify evolutionary radiations are based, have only a limited capacity to distinguish evolutionary radiations driven by different mechanisms. Finally, possible ways to develop a mechanism-based classification of evolutionary
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