Mechanism and Dynamics of Intramolecular C-H Insertion Reactions of 1-Aza-2-azoniaallene Salts.

Mechanism and Dynamics of Intramolecular C-H Insertion Reactions of 1-Aza-2-azoniaallene Salts.
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DOI:
10.1021/jacs.5b04474
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发表时间:
2015-07-22
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Brewer M
Brewer M
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hong X;Bercovici DA;Yang Z;Al-Bataineh N;Srinivasan R;Dhakal RC;Houk KN;Brewer M

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由α-氯偶氮化合物经亲盐刘易斯酸处理生成的1-氮杂-2-偶氮联烯盐,经过分子内C−H胺化反应,以良好至优异的产率形成吡唑啉。这种分子内胺化容易发生在苄基和叔脂肪族位置,并在保留立体化学的对映体富集的手性中心进行。竞争实验表明,插入更容易发生在一个富电子的苄基位置比缺电子的。C-H胺化反应仅在某些连接杂丙二烯阳离子和侧芳基的系链时发生。在较长的系链或当反应是分子间反应时,发生亲电芳族取代而不是C-H胺化。用密度泛函理论(B3 LYP和M06-2X)探讨了立体专一性和化学选择性的机理和起源。1-氮杂-2-氮鎓联烯阳离子通过氢化物转移过渡态进行C-H胺化,形成N-H键,随后自发形成C-N键,生成杂环产物。IRC和准经典分子动力学轨道研究证实了这一协同的两阶段机理。
The 1-aza-2-azoniaallene salts, generated from α-chloroazo compounds by treatment with halophilic Lewis acids, undergo intramolecular C−H amination reactions to form pyrazolines in good to excellent yields. This intramolecular amination occurs readily at both benzylic and tertiary aliphatic positions and proceeds at an enantioenriched chiral center with retention of stereochemistry. Competition experiments show that insertion occurs more readily at an electron-rich benzylic position than an electron-deficient one. The C-H amination reaction only occurs with certain tethers connecting the heteroallene cation and the pendant aryl groups. With a longer tether or when the reaction is intermolecular, electrophilic aromatic substitution occurs instead of C-H amination. The mechanism and origins of stereospecificity and chemoselectivity were explored with density functional theory (B3LYP and M06-2X). The 1-aza-2-azoniaallene cation undergoes C-H amination through a hydride transfer transition state to form the N-H bond, and the subsequent C-N bond formation occurs spontaneously to generate the heterocyclic product. This concerted two-stage mechanism was shown by IRC and quasiclassical molecular dynamics trajectory studies.
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