Forced summer stationary waves: the opposing effects of direct radiative forcing and sea surface warming

Forced summer stationary waves: the opposing effects of direct radiative forcing and sea surface warming
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强迫夏季驻波:直接辐射强迫和海面变暖的相反影响

DOI:
10.1007/s00382-019-04786-1
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Baker H
Baker H
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baker H

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我们使用一系列模式研究了直接辐射强迫和海面变暖对大气环流的相反影响。在由三个大气环流模式组成的大型集合中,直接强迫在夏季在北半球产生一个5号波的驻波。海面变暖产生了类似的浪潮,但有相反的迹象。这些波也出现在耦合模式对比项目第五阶段集合中,但由于直接和海面变暖,出现了相反的迹象。对热带降水变化和当量位温变化的分析以及一个简单正压模式的结果表明,该波是从热带强迫产生的。关键的强迫地点是西大西洋、东大西洋和非洲东海岸附近的印度洋。驻波对北半球夏季的区域温度异常有显著的影响,解释了浓度对温度极端的一些直接影响。最终,气候敏感性和海陆温度对比的未来变化将决定气候变化对区域平均和极端温度和降水变化的相反影响之间的平衡。
We investigate the opposing effects of direct radiative forcing and sea surface warming on the atmospheric circulation using a hierarchy of models. In large ensembles of three general circulation models, directforcing produces a wavenumber 5 stationary wave over the Northern Hemisphere in summer. Sea surface warming produces a similar wave, but with the opposite sign. The waves are also present in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 ensemble with opposite signs due to directand sea surface warming. Analyses of tropical precipitation changes and equivalent potential temperature changes and the results from a simple barotropic model show that the wave is forced from the tropics. Key forcing locations are the Western Atlantic, Eastern Atlantic and in the Indian Ocean just off the east coast of Africa. The stationary wave has a significant impact on regional temperature anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere summer, explaining some of the direct effect thatconcentration has on temperature extremes. Ultimately, the climate sensitivity and future changes in the land–sea temperature contrast will dictate the balance between the opposing effects on regional changes in mean and extreme temperature and precipitation under climate change.
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