Programmed cell death is impaired in the developing brain of FMR1 mutants.

Programmed cell death is impaired in the developing brain of FMR1 mutants.
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DOI:
10.1159/000353248
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Levy RJ
Levy RJ
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cheng Y;Corbin JG;Levy RJ

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脆性 X 综合征 (FXS) 是由脆性 X 智力迟钝蛋白 (FMRP) 的转录沉默引起的,其特征是突触连接过多和树突成熟受损。程序性细胞死亡(PCD)对于突触发生和消除发育中大脑中的异常神经元连接至关重要;然而,FMRP 在 PCD 中的作用尚不清楚。这项工作的目的是评估 Fmr1 突变体大脑发育中的内在凋亡途径。为了实现这一目标,我们评估了两种不同的 10 日龄雄性小鼠 Fmr1 突变株并与适当的对照进行比较。我们对激活的 caspase-3 和 TUNEL 测定进行了免疫组织化学分析,定量了新皮质和海马中的神经元数量,测定了细胞色素 c 过氧化物酶活性,测量了前脑线粒体释放的细胞色素 c 量,并通过免疫印迹分析评估了关键促凋亡和抗凋亡介质的水平。两种 Fmr1 突变株均表现出新皮质、海马和基底外侧杏仁核的细胞凋亡减少,尽管 Bax 易位完整,但线粒体中细胞色素 c 和 procaspase-9 的释放受损,抗凋亡蛋白 BCL-xL 的表达增加,神经元数量增加。总而言之,数据表明 PCD 由于 BCL-xL 表达增加而受损,并且与 FMRP 缺陷小鼠发育中的大脑中过多的神经元有关。 PCD 缺陷可能会阻止神经元消除并导致发育瞬时神经元的异常保留。因此,有缺陷的 PCD 可能导致 Fmr1 突变体中存在的过量突触连接,并可能在 FXS 儿童的行为表型中发挥作用。
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), due to transcriptional silencing of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), is characterized by excess synaptic connections and impaired dendrite maturation. Programmed cell death (PCD) is critical for synaptogenesis and elimination of aberrant neuronal connections in the developing brain; however, the role of FMRP in PCD is unknown. The aim of this work was to assess the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in the developing brain of Fmr1 mutants. To accomplish this, we evaluated two different Fmr1 mutant strains of 10-day-old male mice compared with appropriate controls. We performed immunohistochemistry for activated caspase-3 and TUNEL assays, quantified the number of neurons in neocortex and hippocampus, determined cytochrome c peroxidase activity, measured the amount of cytochrome c release from forebrain mitochondria, and assessed levels of key pro- and antiapoptotic mediators with immunoblot analysis. Both Fmr1 mutant strains demonstrated decreased apoptosis in neocortex, hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala, impaired cytochrome c and procaspase-9 release from mitochondria despite intact Bax translocation, increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein, BCL-xL, and increased number of neurons. Taken together, the data suggest that PCD is impaired due to increased BCL-xL expression and is associated with excess neurons in the developing brain of FMRP-deficient mice. It is possible that deficient PCD prevents neuron elimination and results in abnormal retention of developmentally transient neurons. Thus, defective PCD may contribute to the excess synaptic connections known to exist in Fmr1 mutants and could play a role in the behavioral phenotype of children with FXS.
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