Human cerebral cortex Cajal-Retzius neuron: development, structure and function. A Golgi study.
Human cerebral cortex Cajal-Retzius neuron: development, structure and function. A Golgi study.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fnana.2015.00021
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Marín-Padilla M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marín-Padilla M
本文对发育中的人脑皮质Cajal-Retzius细胞的发育、形态和可能的功能活性进行了探讨。C-RC起源于皮质外，是新皮质第一层的重要神经元。它接受来自传入纤维的输入，这些传入纤维到达发育早期的第一层。尽管这些原始传入纤维的来源和功能尚不清楚，但它们的靶点是第一层唯一神经元：C-RC。该神经元协调新皮质灰质的所有锥体神经元(起源于室管膜)的到达、大小和分层。它的轴突终末沿放射状和水平分布于整个第一层，与所有灰质锥体细胞的树突终末建立联系，而不考虑大小、位置和/或最终的功能作用。虽然神经元轴突终末在径向和水平方向上分布在第一层，但神经元体经历了逐渐发育的稀释，在成人大脑中定位它们中的任何一个都变得非常困难。神经元小体可能保留在新皮质的较老区域，而它们的轴突侧支将分布在较近的区域，最终将延伸到大脑皮层的大部分表面。大脑皮层第一板的演化和组成与C-RC是相互交织、相互依存的。如果不了解第一个椎板的形态，就不可能了解C-RC的演变形态。用不同的染色方法获得的第一层膜成分及其结构和功能组织可能完全不同。这些差异增加了人们对其性质的不必要混淆。在苏木精和曙红制剂(最常用)中观察到的本质空洞与使用树突特殊染色(MAP-2)获得的树突浓度(皮质最大)形成鲜明对比。只有高尔基体标本显示了组成第一个椎板基本结构的大量树突和轴突终末。高尔基体制备的高倍显微镜照片显示了树突和轴突终末之间的密切解剖和功能相互关系，以及它们之间的突触联系。C-RC的基本形态没有改变，但随着第一层厚度的增加和末端树突的数量及其随后的成熟而逐渐改变。这种神经元的形态变化一直是争议的来源。它的形态取决于第一层的厚度，这在不同的哺乳动物之间可能有很大的差异。在啮齿动物(最常用的实验哺乳动物)中，树突的第一层厚度、数量和水平扩展只是人类的一小部分。这种差异反映在哺乳动物(包括人类)的C-RC的形态上，不应被视为代表新类型的神经元。
The development, morphology and possible functional activity of the Cajal-Retzius cell of the developing human cerebral cortex are explored herein. The C-RC, of extracortical origin, is the essential neuron of the neocortex first lamina. It receives inputs from afferent fibers that reach the first lamina early in development. Although the origin and function of these original afferent fibers remain unknown, their target is the first lamina sole neuron: the C-RC. This neuron orchestrates the arrival, size and stratification of all pyramidal neurons (of ependymal origin) of the neocortex gray matter. Its axonic terminals spread radially and horizontally throughout the entirety of the first lamina establishing contacts with the dendritic terminals of all gray matter pyramidal cells regardless of size, location and/or eventual functional roles. While the neuron axonic terminals spread radially and horizontally throughout the first lamina, the neuronal’ body undergoes progressive developmental dilution and locating any of them in the adult brain become quite difficult. The neuron bodies are probably retained in the older regions of the neocortex while their axonic collaterals will spread throughout its more recent ones and eventually will extend to great majority of the cortical surface. The neocortex first lamina evolution and composition and that of the C-RC are intertwined and mutually interdependent. It is not possible to understand the C-RC evolving morphology without understanding that of the first lamina. The first lamina composition and its structural and functional organizations obtained with different staining methods may be utterly different. These differences have added unnecessary confusion about its nature. The essential emptiness observed in hematoxylin and eosin preparations (most commonly used) contrast sharply with the concentration of dendrites (the cortex’ largest) obtained using special (MAP-2) stain for dendrites. Only Golgi preparations demonstrate the numerous dendritic and axonic terminals that compose the first lamina basic structure. High power microscopic views of Golgi preparations demonstrate the intimate anatomical and functional interrelationships among dendritic and axonic terminals as well as synaptic contacts between them. The C-RC’ essential morphology does not changes but it is progressively modified by the first lamina increase in thickness and in number of terminal dendrites and their subsequent maturation. This neuron variable morphologic appearance has been the source of controversy. Its morphology depends on the first lamina thickness that may be quite variable among different mammals. In rodents (most commonly used experimental mammal), the first lamina thickness, number and horizontal expansion of dendrites is but a fraction of those in humans. This differences are reflected in the C-RC’ morphology among mammals (including humans) and should not be thought as representing new types of neurons.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1007/bf00519296
发表时间：
1971-01-01
期刊：
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANATOMIE UND ENTWICKLUNGSGESCHICHTE
影响因子：
--
作者：
MARINPADILLA, M
通讯作者：
MARINPADILLA, M
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
MARINPADILLA, M
通讯作者：
MARINPADILLA, M
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
MEYER, G;GONZALEZHERNANDEZ, T
通讯作者：
GONZALEZHERNANDEZ, T
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Martínez-Cerdeño V;Noctor SC
通讯作者：
Noctor SC
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Gil-Sanz C;Franco SJ;Martinez-Garay I;Espinosa A;Harkins-Perry S;Müller U
通讯作者：
Müller U