Mangrove Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES): A Viable Funding Mechanism for Disaster Risk Reduction?
Mangrove Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES): A Viable Funding Mechanism for Disaster Risk Reduction?
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红树林生态系统服务付费（PES）：减少灾害风险的可行融资机制？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. S. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Friess;B. S. Thompson
红树林提供多种生态系统服务，其中许多有助于减少热带海岸线的灾害风险（DRR）。面对快速的森林砍伐，生态系统服务付费（PES）计划，例如减少森林砍伐和森林退化造成的排放（REDD+），被誉为为保护提供资金的潜在途径，尽管红树林的生态系统服务付费计划仍处于萌芽状态。如果红树林 PES 想要发展，就必须克服一些挑战。首先，量化多种生态系统服务存在挑战，特别是那些有助于减少灾害风险的服务，例如波浪衰减和海岸侵蚀控制。其次，量化生态系统服务的持久性是PES的核心原则，但在动态沿海地区并不能得到保证。红树林受到与自然灾害和气候变化相关的多种压力源的影响，这些压力源通常超出 PES 现场经理的控制范围。这将需要财务风险管理策略，而这些策略在沿海 PES 中并不常用，并带来了许多管理挑战。最后，也是最重要的一点，PES 通常需要明确识别和配对单独的服务提供商和服务用户，这些提供商和服务用户可能在 DRR 背景下出现重叠。本章回顾并讨论了这些新出现的问题，并提出了潜在的解决方案，以促进更有效地实施红树林生态服务服务。然而，最终，将独立且谨慎的服务提供商和用户配对的困难可能会导致减少灾害风险的 PES 在某些情况下不可行，并且我们可能需要继续传统的减灾融资模式，例如保险和捐助者支持。
Mangrove forests provide a multitude of ecosystem services, many of which contribute to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) along tropical coastlines. In the face of rapid deforestation, Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has been heralded as a potential avenue for financing conservation, although PES schemes remain in an embryonic state for mangroves. Several challenges must be overcome if mangrove PES is to advance. Firstly, challenges exist in quantifying multiple ecosystem services, especially those that contribute to DRR, such as wave attenuation and the control of coastal erosion. Secondly, the permanence of quantified ecosystem services is a central tenet of PES, but is not guaranteed in the dynamic coastal zone. Mangroves are affected by multiple stressors related to natural hazards and climate change, which are often outside of the control of a PES site manager. This will necessitate Financial Risk Management strategies, which are not commonly used in coastal PES, and introduces a number of management challenges. Finally, and most importantly, PES generally requires the clear identification and pairing of separate service providers and service users, who can potentially overlap in the context of DRR. This chapter reviews and discusses these emerging issues, and proposes potential solutions to contribute to the more effective implementation of mangrove PES. Ultimately however, difficulties in pairing separate and discreet service providers and users may render PES for DRR unfeasible in some settings, and we may need to continue traditional modes of DRR finance such as insurance and donor support.
影响因子：
8.7
作者：
Huxham, Mark;Emerton, Lucy;Briers, Robert A.
通讯作者：
Briers, Robert A.