Regulation of Mast Cell Survival

Regulation of Mast Cell Survival
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肥大细胞存活的调节

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发表时间:
2004
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通讯作者:
C. Möller
C. Möller
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作者:
C. Möller

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肥大细胞是对急性和慢性炎症都很重要的长寿命效应细胞。肥大细胞可以通过多种不同的方式被激活,导致炎症介质的释放。与大多数其他炎症细胞相比,活化的肥大细胞具有恢复、重新颗粒化并从而再次被激活的能力。在这篇论文中,我研究了调节激活诱导的肥大细胞存活的机制。我们发现 FceRI 结合的 IgE 与抗原 (IgER-CL) 的交联会诱导肥大细胞的生存程序。 IgER-CL 后,小鼠和人类肥大细胞上调促生存 Bcl-2 家族基因 A1/Bfl-1。 A1-/- 肥大细胞在 FceRI 激活后脱颗粒,但很可能由于缺乏 A1 而无法恢复。与同窝对照小鼠相比,致敏和激发的 A1-/- 小鼠表现出较低数量的肥大细胞。与肥大细胞相反,IgER-CL 后在嗜碱性粒细胞中未检测到 Bfl-1 表达或存活促进。另一种肥大细胞促分泌剂,即腺苷受体激动剂,既不促进 A1 上调,也不促进存活。尽管众所周知,肥大细胞存活依赖于干细胞因子 (SCF),但尚未描述如何调节这一过程。我们发现 SCF 通过 Akt 介导的对叉头转录因子 FOXO3a 及其转录靶标 Bim(一种仅包含 BH3 的促凋亡蛋白)的抑制来促进存活。 SCF 处理可防止 Bim 蛋白表达上调,并通过 PI3 激酶和 MEK 依赖性途径导致 Bim 磷酸化上调。即使在存在 SCF 的情况下,FOXO3a 的过度表达也会导致 Bim 上调并诱导肥大细胞凋亡。综上所述,本论文的工作表明 A1/Bfl-1 和 Bim 在肥大细胞存活中发挥关键作用。这些发现可能对于理解肥大细胞寿命的机制很重要,因此对于可能用于肥大细胞相关炎症的新疗法具有重要意义。
Mast cells are long-lived effector cells of importance for both acute and chronic inflammations. Mast cells can be activated in many different ways, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators. In contrast to most other inflammatory cells, activated mast cells have the capacity to recover, regranulate and thereby be activated again. In this thesis I have investigated the mechanisms involved in regulating activation-induced mast cell survival. We have found that cross-linking of FceRI-bound IgE with an antigen (IgER-CL) induces a survival program in mast cells. Upon IgER-CL, mouse and human mast cells upregulate the pro-survival Bcl-2 family gene A1/Bfl-1. A1-/- mast cells degranulate upon FceRI activation but they cannot recover most likely due to the lack of A1. Sensitized and provoked A1-/- mice exhibit lower amounts of mast cells compared to littermate controls. In contrast to mast cells, no Bfl-1 expression or survival promotion can be detected in basophils after IgER-CL. Another mast cell secretagogue, an adenosine receptor agonist, neither promoted upregulation of A1 nor survival.Although it is well established that mast cell survival is dependent on stem cell factor (SCF), it has not been described how this process is regulated. We have found that SCF promotes survival through Akt-mediated inhibition of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a and its transcriptional target Bim, a BH3-only pro-apoptotic protein. SCF-treatment prevents upregulation of Bim protein expression and leads to an upregulation of Bim phosphorylation through PI3-kinase and MEK-dependent pathways. Overexpression of FOXO3a causes an upregulation of Bim and induces mast cell apoptosis, even in the presence of SCF. Taken together, the work in this thesis demonstrates that A1/Bfl-1 and Bim play key roles in mast cell survival. These findings might be of importance in understanding the mechanisms of mast cell longevity and hence for possible new therapeutics used for mast cell-associated inflammations.
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