Flower trade‐wind clouds are shallow mesoscale convective systems
Flower trade‐wind clouds are shallow mesoscale convective systems
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花信风云是浅层中尺度对流系统
DOI:
10.1002/qj.4409
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
M. Wirth
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
T. Dauhut;F. Couvreux;D. Bouniol;F. Beucher;Lea Volkmer;Veronika Pörtge;M. Schäfer;A. Ayet;Pierre‐Etienne Brilouet;M. Jacob;M. Wirth
Flower clouds are trade‐wind shallow cumuli, with tops reaching 3 km altitude, organised into 100‐km wide clusters. They are widespread over the subtropics and associated with the strongest cloud radiative effect among trade‐wind cumuli mesoscale organisations. In the context of large uncertainty in climate projections due to the representation of shallow clouds, major knowledge gaps remain about the global impact of mesoscale organisations and the local processes driving them. Here, the processes governing the flower organisation are investigated based on the case study of February 2, 2020 from the Elucidate the Couplings Between Clouds, Convection, and Circulation (EUREC 4$$ {}^4 $$ A) campaign, east of Barbados. One flower cloud is simulated with a large‐eddy simulation (LES), using the Meso‐NH model at 100‐m horizontal grid spacing, and validated extensively with high‐resolution observations from the High Altitude and Long‐range Research Aircraft (HALO), dropsondes, and satellite measurements. The cloud‐top altitudes exhibit a trimodal distribution. The processes shaping flower clouds are wide cold pools and cloudy updrafts organised in one large arc at the western edge. These updrafts are responsible for the highest cloud tops and drive most of the vertical turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, humidity, and momentum. A mesoscale circulation takes place at the scale of the flower clouds and makes them very similar to deep mesoscale convective systems.
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影响因子:
3.8
作者:
T. Kölling;T. Zinner;B. Mayer
通讯作者:
B. Mayer
影响因子:
4.6
作者:
Bony, Sandrine;Stevens, Bjorn;Wirth, Martin
通讯作者:
Wirth, Martin
影响因子:
5.2
作者:
Haerter J
通讯作者:
Haerter J
影响因子:
3.8
作者:
F. Ament;M. Gutleben;H. Konow;M. Mech;M. Wirth;S. Crewell
通讯作者:
S. Crewell
影响因子:
3.8
作者:
Orlandi;Crewell;Hirsch;Peters;Stevens
通讯作者:
Stevens