Vole abundance and reindeer carcasses determine breeding activity of Arctic foxes in low Arctic Yamal, Russia.
Vole abundance and reindeer carcasses determine breeding activity of Arctic foxes in low Arctic Yamal, Russia.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12898-017-0142-z
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发表时间：
2017-09-16
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sokolov AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ehrich D;Cerezo M;Rodnikova AY;Sokolova NA;Fuglei E;Shtro VG;Sokolov AA
高纬度生态系统目前在气候变暖的影响下正在迅速变化，北极南部边缘的北极特化物种可能受到特别的影响。北极狐是北方苔原地区特有的一种小型哺乳动物捕食者，能够在不同的苔原生态系统中利用不同的资源。虽然分布广泛，但在亚北极的芬诺斯堪迪亚（Fennoscandia）地区极度濒危，在那里，特征性的旅鼠周期的消失和与大量红狐的竞争被确定为主要威胁。我们研究了北极狐人口在低北极亚马尔（俄罗斯）的Erkuta苔原监测站点在10年，以确定哪些资源支持在这个人口的繁殖活动。在研究区域，旅鼠在过去的15年里已经很少见了，红狐几乎不存在，这与芬诺斯堪的纳维亚的情况形成了有趣的对比。北极狐在10年的研究中有9年是繁殖期。活跃的洞穴数量平均为每100平方公里2.6个（范围0-6个），并随着啮齿动物数量的减少而增加。在有许多驯鹿尸体的冬季之后，死亡率也会更高，这是由于雨雪事件后牧场结冰导致死亡率异常高。平均窝仔数为5.2（SD = 2.1）。Scat解剖表明，小型啮齿动物（主要是Microtus spp.）是最重要的猎物类别在洞穴中观察到的猎物遗骸表明，鸟类，特别是水鸟，也是夏季的重要资源。北极狐在南部亚马尔，这是一个物种丰富的低北极食物网的一部分，目前似乎能够科普一个小啮齿动物社区的状态转变，从高振幅周期性与旅鼠为主的高峰，以低振幅波动的田鼠社区。估计的繁殖参数的特点人口之间的旅鼠狐狸和沿海狐狸生态型的中间。只有持续的基于生态系统的监测才能揭示它们在不断变化的苔原生态系统中的命运。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12898-017-0142-z）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
High latitude ecosystems are at present changing rapidly under the influence of climate warming, and specialized Arctic species at the southern margin of the Arctic may be particularly affected. The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), a small mammalian predator endemic to northern tundra areas, is able to exploit different resources in the context of varying tundra ecosystems. Although generally widespread, it is critically endangered in subarctic Fennoscandia, where a fading out of the characteristic lemming cycles and competition with abundant red foxes have been identified as main threats. We studied an Arctic fox population at the Erkuta Tundra Monitoring site in low Arctic Yamal (Russia) during 10 years in order to determine which resources support the breeding activity in this population. In the study area, lemmings have been rare during the last 15 years and red foxes are nearly absent, creating an interesting contrast to the situation in Fennoscandia. Arctic fox was breeding in nine of the 10 years of the study. The number of active dens was on average 2.6 (range 0–6) per 100 km2 and increased with small rodent abundance. It was also higher after winters with many reindeer carcasses, which occurred when mortality was unusually high due to icy pastures following rain-on-snow events. Average litter size was 5.2 (SD = 2.1). Scat dissection suggested that small rodents (mostly Microtus spp.) were the most important prey category. Prey remains observed at dens show that birds, notably waterfowl, were also an important resource in summer. The Arctic fox in southern Yamal, which is part of a species-rich low Arctic food web, seems at present able to cope with a state shift of the small rodent community from high amplitude cyclicity with lemming dominated peaks, to a vole community with low amplitude fluctuations. The estimated breeding parameters characterized the population as intermediate between the lemming fox and the coastal fox ecotype. Only continued ecosystem-based monitoring will reveal their fate in a changing tundra ecosystem. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12898-017-0142-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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