Functions and regulation of RNA editing by ADAR deaminases.

Functions and regulation of RNA editing by ADAR deaminases.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-biochem-060208-105251
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发表时间:
2010
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Nishikura K
Nishikura K
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nishikura K

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一种类型的核糖核酸编辑在双链核糖核酸(→)底物中将腺苷转化为肌苷(A dsRNA I编辑)。腺苷脱氨酶作用于核糖核酸酶(→)酶是介导ADARI核糖核酸编辑的重要途径。对有限数量的哺乳动物基因的蛋白质编码序列进行→I RNA编辑会导致其功能的重新编码和随后的改变。然而,→I RNA编辑最常针对位于内含子以及5‘和3’非翻译区(UTRs)内的重复RNA序列。尽管非编码RNA编辑的生物学意义在很大程度上仍不清楚,但已经提出了几种可能性,包括它在控制内源性短干扰RNA(EsiRNAs)中的作用。此外,最近的研究表明,某些microRNAs(MiRNAs)的生物发生和功能受其前体的编辑调控。在这里,我回顾了最近的发现,这些发现表明A→I编辑在调控非编码RNA以及RNA编辑和RNA干扰机制之间的相互作用方面具有新的功能。
One type of RNA editing converts adenosines to inosines (A→I editing) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates. A→I RNA editing is mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes. A→I RNA editing of protein-coding sequences of a limited number of mammalian genes results in recoding and subsequent alterations of their functions. However, A→I RNA editing most frequently targets repetitive RNA sequences located within introns and 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). Although the biological significance of noncoding RNA editing remains largely unknown, several possibilities, including its role in the control of endogenous short interfering RNAs (esiRNAs), have been proposed. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that the biogenesis and functions of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulated by the editing of their precursors. Here, I review the recent findings that indicate new functions for A→I editing in the regulation of noncoding RNAs and for interactions between RNA editing and RNA interference mechanisms.
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