Phase Transition in Postsynaptic Densities Underlies Formation of Synaptic Complexes and Synaptic Plasticity.

Phase Transition in Postsynaptic Densities Underlies Formation of Synaptic Complexes and Synaptic Plasticity.
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突触后密度的相变是突触复合体和突触可塑性形成的基础。

DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.008
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发表时间:
2016-08-25
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Zhang M
Zhang M
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zeng M;Shang Y;Araki Y;Guo T;Huganir RL;Zhang M

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突触后密度(PSD)是突触后膜下方的膜半封闭、富含亚微米蛋白质的细胞区室,其不断与突触棘中的大量水性细胞质交换其成分。 PSD 的形成和活动依赖性调节被认为是控制神经系统突触可塑性的最基本的分子事件之一。在这项研究中,我们发现 SynGAP(最丰富的 PSD 蛋白之一和 Ras/Rap GTPase 激活剂)形成同源三聚体并与 PSD-95 的多个拷贝结合。 SynGAP 与 PSD-95 的结合会引起复合物的相分离,形成高度浓缩的液体状液滴,让人想起 PSD。 SynGAP/PSD-95 复合物的多价性质对于相分离的发生以及 PSD 中适当的活性依赖性 SynGAP 分散至关重要。除了揭示 SynGAP 在 PSD 上的动态锚定机制之外,我们的结果还提出了相变介导的 PSD 形成的模型。
Postsynaptic densities (PSDs) are membrane semienclosed, submicron protein-enriched cellular compartments beneath postsynaptic membranes, which constantly exchange their components with bulk aqueous cytoplasm in synaptic spines. Formation and activity-dependent modulation of PSDs is considered as one of the most basic molecular events governing synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. In this study, we discover that SynGAP, one of the most abundant PSD proteins and a Ras/Rap GTPase activator, forms a homo-trimer and binds to multiple copies of PSD-95. Binding of SynGAP to PSD-95 induces phase separation of the complex, forming highly concentrated liquid-like droplets reminiscent of the PSD. The multivalent nature of the SynGAP/ PSD-95 complex is critical for the phase separation to occur and for proper activity-dependent SynGAP dispersions from the PSD. In addition to revealing a dynamic anchoring mechanism of SynGAP at the PSD, our results also suggest a model for phase-transition-mediated formation of PSD.
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